Radiocarbon Dating the Iroquoian Occupation of Northern New York

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Abel ◽  
Jessica L. Vavrasek ◽  
John P. Hart
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates

The results of Bayesian analysis using 43 new high-precision AMS radiocarbon dates on maize, faunal remains, and ceramic residues from 18 precontact Iroquoian village sites in Northern New York are presented. Once thought to span AD 1350–1500, the period of occupation suggested by the modeling is approximately AD 1450–1510. This late placement now makes clear that Iroquoians arrived in the region approximately 100 years later than previously thought. This result halves the time in which population growth and significant changes in settlement occurred. The new chronology allows us to better match these events within a broader Northeast temporal framework.

Radiocarbon Dates on Samples from New York State

1951 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 31-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
New York State ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The United States ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
York State ◽  
Cultural Complex ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Valid Time

Radiocarbon dates on charcoal samples from New York State have added significant new data to our knowledge of previously little known factors of chronology and continuity in the area. The dates have provided the lower portions of an apparently valid time scale upon which may be reared a more realistic three-dimensional picture of the prehistoric events of this portion of the United States.Sample 191 was excavated by the writer from a hearth situated in the deepest refuse level in trench 4, section 4, of the Frontenac Island site, Cayuga County (Ritchie, 1945, pp. 6, 115, Plate 115). At Frontenac Island, an occupational component referable to the Lamoka focus appeared to precede the coming of Laurentian brachycephals with their specific cultural complex. The subsequent interaction of the two discrete peoples and cultures was evident in the physical remains, burial modes, and character of grave goods. The hearth, found on the lower level of the site, is presumed to pertain to the initial Lamoka- Laurentian contact. The radiocarbon dating yielded an antiquity of 4930 ± 260 years of elapsed time.

scholarly journals A Critical Review of Radiocarbon Dating of a Norse Settlement at L'Anse Aux Meadows, Newfoundland Canada

Radiocarbon ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 976-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reidar Nydal
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Sample Material ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
The University ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Problematic Feature

Recent progress in high-precision calibrations of radiocarbon dates has led to evaluations of earlier research. This has been the case with dates from the Norse settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows which was discovered by Helge Ingstad in 1960. The most problematic feature of this series up to now was the use of sample material which partly derived from driftwood. The present paper concludes that charcoal from this site demonstrated no greater errors than normal from other settlement sites. With an assumed total systematic error of 30 ± 20 years, as a mean for various tree rings, the calibrated age range of L'Anse aux Meadows is AD 975–1020. This agrees well with the assumed historical age of ca AD 1000, a result which has also been recently corroborated by high-precision accelerator dating at the University of Toronto.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY OF EL MIRÓN CAVE, CANTABRIAN SPAIN

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Rachel J A Hopkins ◽  
Lawrence Guy Straus ◽  
Manuel R González Morales
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Middle Paleolithic ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Stratigraphic Record ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Taphonomic Processes

ABSTRACT El Mirón is an important archaeological cave site in Cantabria (Spain) with a stratigraphy covering the late Middle Paleolithic to the Modern Period. The Magdalenian levels are especially rich in artifacts, faunal remains, and features, and included the burial of an adult female (“the Red Lady”), as well as other scattered human remains, while the Neolithic levels contained the oldest combined evidence of ceramics, domesticated grain and livestock in the region. However, in the absence of diagnostic artifacts in many levels that would always provide a traditional cultural chronology, radiocarbon dating has been essential in understanding the temporal framework for human activity at the site. Over the duration of more than two decades, the El Mirón Project has therefore obtained 93 radiocarbon dates, which cover the entire stratigraphic record as found in several different excavation areas. In light of the considerable methodological advances that radiocarbon dating has seen since 1996 we aim to evaluate the reliability of the published 14C record for El Mirón Cave, and to improve the accuracy of the radiocarbon based chronostratigraphy through Bayesian modeling. The results shed light on which dates may be used for future research and where dating discrepancies reflect taphonomic processes, thereby advancing intra-site and regional archaeological comparisons.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon dating legacy collections: A Bayesian analysis of high-precision AMS 14C dates from the Par-Tee site, Oregon

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 833-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel M. Sanchez ◽  
Torben C. Rick ◽  
Brendan J. Culleton ◽  
Douglas J. Kennett ◽  
Michael Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating

AMS Radiocarbon Dates for Pleistocene Fauna from the American Northeast

Radiocarbon ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T Boulanger ◽  
Gregory D Lattanzi ◽  
David C Parris ◽  
Michael J O'Brien ◽  
R Lee Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Carbon Contamination ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Botanical Remains ◽  
Ams Dates

Northeastern North America has produced an incredible number of late Pleistocene faunal remains; however, many of these were discovered and excavated prior to the development of radiocarbon dating. Moreover, many of the 14C dates that do exist for such specimens were assayed prior to the development of purified collagen extraction methods, were performed on botanical remains of unspecified association with the faunal remains, or were accepted without concerns of young-carbon contamination from museum preservatives. Here, we present a set of high-precision accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates obtained on Pleistocene faunal specimens from Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Our data contain both newly discovered specimens and specimens that have resided in museum collections for over a century.

The Neolithic burial sequence at Flintbek LA 3, north Germany, and its cart tracks: a precise chronology

Antiquity ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (329) ◽  
pp. 742-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Mischka
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
North Germany ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Global Evidence

Radiocarbon dating of 32 stratigraphic samples aided by Bayesian analysis has allowed the author to produce a high precision chronology for the construction and development of a continental Neolithic long barrow for the first time. She shows when and how quickly people living on the shore of the Baltic adopted pit graves, megalithic chambers and long barrows. Better than that, she provides a date for the famous cart tracks beneath the final barrow to 3420–3385 cal BC. Although other parts of the package — ploughing and pottery — are late arrivals, her analysis of the global evidence shows that Flintbek remains among the earliest sightings of the wheel in northern Europe.

High-precision radiocarbon chronometry of ancient Egypt, and comparisons with Nubia, Palestine and Mesopotamia

Antiquity ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (231) ◽  
pp. 119-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fekri A. Hassan ◽  
Steven W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Reverse Process ◽  
Usual Convention

Radiocarbon dating began in archaeology with ancient Egypt, for it was to the securely dated materials from Egypt that Willard Libby naturally turned when his new radiocarbon method needed verification from reliable historical sources. With this paper the reverse process begins: verifying and correcting the conventional chronology for Egypt and neighbouring regions by calibrated radiocarbon.This paper compares calibrated radiocarbon dates against historical dates in a manner not well covered by ANTIQUITY's usual convention. So in this paper only uncalibrated radiocarbon dates are denoted by ‘b.p.’, historical dates are denoted by ‘BC’, and calibrated radiocarbon dates by ‘Cal BC’ or simply ‘BC’ when the meaning is clear from the context.

scholarly journals BATCH PROCESSING OF TREE-RING SAMPLES FOR RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Alexandra Fogtmann-Schulz ◽  
Sabrina G K Kudsk ◽  
Florian Adolphi ◽  
Christoffer Karoff ◽  
Mads F Knudsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Precision Measurement ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Precision Measurement ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
High Throughput Method ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Low Activity

ABSTRACT We here present a comparison of methods for the pretreatment of a batch of tree rings for high-precision measurement of radiocarbon at the Aarhus AMS Centre (AARAMS), Aarhus University, Denmark. The aim was to develop an efficient and high-throughput method able to pretreat ca. 50 samples at a time. We tested two methods for extracting α-cellulose from wood to find the most optimal for our use. One method used acetic acid, the other used HCl acid for the delignification. The testing was conducted on background 14C samples, in order to assess the effect of the different pretreatment methods on low-activity samples. Furthermore, the extracted wood and cellulose fractions were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which showed a successful extraction of α-cellulose from the samples. Cellulose samples were pretreated at AARAMS, and the graphitization and radiocarbon analysis of these samples were done at both AARAMS and the radiocarbon dating laboratory at Lund University to compare the graphitization and AMS machine performance. No significant offset was found between the two sets of measurements. Based on these tests, the pretreatment of tree rings for high-precision radiocarbon analysis at AARAMS will henceforth use HCI for the delignification.

Calibrated Radiocarbon Dating at Keatley Creek: The Chronology of Occupation at a Complex Hunter-Gatherer Village

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Prentiss ◽  
Michael Lenert ◽  
Thomas A. Foor ◽  
Nathan B. Goodale ◽  
Trinity Schlegel
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Warming ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Population Aggregation ◽  
Selective Environment

This paper provides an analysis of radiocarbon dates acquired during earlier and recent field seasons at the Keatley Creek site, southern British Columbia. Results indicate that early occupations predating 1900 cal. B.P. occurred, but were not likely associated with population aggregation and large housepits. The aggregated village appears to have emerged by approximately 1700 cal. B.P. and was abandoned at approximately 800 cal. B.P. A break in the occupational sequence is recognized at 1450-1350 cal. B.P. and one other short break may have occurred shortly after 1250 cal. B.P. Peak socioeconomic complexity appears to have been achieved between 1350 and 800 cal B.P. Climatic warming may have provided a selective environment favoring population aggregation and intensification during this time. The final abandonment of the Keatley Creek village appears to have been part of a regional phenomenon suggesting the possibility that climatic factors were important in this case as well.

Population Fluctuation and the Adoption of Food Production in Prehistoric Korea: Using Radiocarbon Dates as a Proxy for Population Change

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1761-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongje Oh ◽  
Matthew Conte ◽  
Seungho Kang ◽  
Jangsuk Kim ◽  
Jaehoon Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Population Fluctuation ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Transition To Agriculture

AbstractPopulation growth has been evoked both as a causal factor and consequence of the transition to agriculture. The use of radiocarbon (14C) dates as proxies for population allows for reevaluations of population as a variable in the transition to agriculture. In Korea, numerous rescue excavations during recent decades have offered a wealth of14C data for this application. A summed probability distribution (SPD) of14C dates is investigated to reconstruct population trends preceding and following adoptions of food production in prehistoric Korea. Important cultivars were introduced to Korea in two episodes: millets during the Chulmun Period (ca. 6000–1500 BCE) and rice during the Mumun Period (ca. 1500–300 BCE). The SPD suggests that while millet production had little impact on Chulmun populations, a prominent surge in population appears to have followed the introduction of rice. The case in prehistoric Korea demonstrates that the adoption of food production does not lead inevitably towards sustained population growth. Furthermore, the data suggest that the transition towards intensive agriculture need not occur under conditions of population pressure resulting from population growth. Rather, intensive rice farming in prehistoric Korea began during a period of population stagnation.

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