scholarly journals Who Dominates the Discourses of the Past? Gender, Occupational Affiliation, and Multivocality in North American Archaeology Publishing

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany J. Fulkerson ◽  
Shannon Tushingham
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
American Archaeology ◽  
The Past ◽  
North American Archaeology ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Existing Structure ◽  
Material Record ◽  
Reduced Time

Equity and the dissemination of knowledge remain major challenges in science. Peer-reviewed journal publications are generally the most cited, yet certain groups dominate in archaeology. Such uniformity of voice profoundly limits not only who conveys the past but also what parts of the material record are narrated and/or go untold. This study examines multiple participation metrics in archaeology and explores the intersections of gender and occupational affiliation in peer-reviewed (high time cost) and non-peer-reviewed (reduced time cost) journals. We find that although women and compliance archaeologists remain poorly represented in regional and national peer-reviewed journals, they are much more active in unrefereed publications. We review feminist and theoretical explanations for inequities in science and argue that (1) the persistent underrepresentation of women and of compliance professionals in archaeological publishing are structurally linked processes and (2) such trends can be best understood in light of the existing structure of American archaeology and the cost-benefit realities of publishing for people in various sectors of the discipline. We suggest that nonrefereed venues offer a pathway to multivocality and help to address epistemic injustices, and we discuss methods for widening the current narrow demographic of men and academics who persist in dominating discourses.

scholarly journals The Digital Index of North American Archaeology: networking government data to navigate an uncertain future for the past

Antiquity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (362) ◽  
pp. 490-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C. Kansa ◽  
Sarah W. Kansa ◽  
Josh J. Wells ◽  
Stephen J. Yerka ◽  
Kelsey N. Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
American Archaeology ◽  
The Past ◽  
North American Archaeology ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Image Position

Abstract

scholarly journals Economic justification of investment in defense against torrential floods on the example of the Ljubovidja river

2015 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Miodrag Zlatic ◽  
Mirjana Todosijevic ◽  
Natalija Momirovic
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Justification ◽  
Dynamic Methods ◽  
The Cost

Torrential floods have caused great material and economic damage in Serbia, in the past and even more frequently nowadays. Definitely, the reduction of negative consequences can be achieved by taking preventive measures which include integral basin arrangement. The economic justification of investment in the protection against torrential floods includes a specific approach, especially when it comes to technical facilities in this area. On the basis of the example of flood control on a part of the river Ljubovidja, variants of protection were selected on the basis of economic criteria. On the basis of the techniques of avoided damage, evaluation of the economic effects of provided embankments for flood control was done using dynamic methods: the cost-benefit relationship and net present value. It was concluded that the second option is more economical, even though it does not protect the whole area from floods, because a part of that role would be taken over by the intended dam in the upper flow of this river.

scholarly journals Fighting for the Video Marketing against Its Weakness

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Tsai-Fa (TF) Yen
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
The Cost

As the market size of the video industry continues to grow by 3.6 times increased in the past five years, more and more companies adopt video marketing. Under this circumstance, it is meaningful and important to discuss the marketing issues in this industry. The objective of this study is to clarify the definition, problems and countermeasures of video marketing. Literature was obtained through data retrieval, and the data was aggregated and analyzed by induction. Findings show that the problems of video marketing cover the laws, suppliers, buyers, competitors, and content technical issues. And we suggest that the future research can try to verify the key points of STP analysis (segmentation, targeting, and positioning), marketing mix, as well as the cost-benefit analysis in video marketing.

Archaeological Field Work in North America during 1934

1935 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Keyes
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Research Council ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Field Work ◽  
American Anthropologist ◽  
American Archaeology ◽  
The Past ◽  
North American Archaeology ◽  
Work Done

This is the thirteenth of a series of annual statements covering field activities in North American archaeology, assembled by the Committee on State Archaeological Surveys of the Division of Anthropology and Psychology, National Research Council. The first eleven statements were published each year in the American Anthropologist. The twelfth statement, for the year 1933, appeared in planograph form as Circular Series No. 18, issued by the Committee. The present article is a compilation of brief reports, arranged alphabetically by states, sent to the Committee for this specific use by the representatives of most of the institutions and organizations supporting such field work on this continent. Its purpose is to record briefly the work done and the results obtained during the past calendar year. Space restrictions require the exclusion from this compilation of statements of field work done under private auspices, as well as reports upon laborator, museum, and educational undertakings, and the publications resulting therefrom.

The 1990s: North American archaeology with a human face?

Antiquity ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (245) ◽  
pp. 778-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Trigger
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Standard Account ◽  
American Archaeology ◽  
The Past ◽  
North American Archaeology ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

The English reviewer for Nature (Renfrew 1990) declared that Bruce Trigger's new history of archaeology will become the standard account of our subject's history, and the French reviewer for ANTIQUITY also has a warm view (this issue, page 960). Having looked to the past, what does Trigger see for the future of archaeology in North America, as the reaction comes to the view of archaeology as, primarily, science that has dominated these last decades?

Development and methodology for the formal evaluation of the Neil Squire Foundation robotic-assistive appliance

Robotica ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Birch
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
The Past ◽  
Formal Evaluation ◽  
The Cost

It is expected that an appropriate robotic appliance can play a major role in providing long periods of independence, which in turn will lead to improved quality of life, for people who are severely physically limited. As part of its research programme over the past several years the Neil Squire Foundation has been developing a workstation-based robotic assistive appliance (RAA) for use by such persons. We feel that robotic aids initially will have their most profound impact when applied in a vocational environment. Although other rehabilitation researchers have similar interests there is a great need for the utility of robots in these environments to be more fully substantiated and assessed. A formal evaluation process currently is under way in an attempt to quantify and to understand the cost/benefit results of using the RAA in office situations.

scholarly journals La valoración económica de los ecoservicios en los agroecosistemas en España: Marco conceptual y metodológico = The economic valuation of ecosystem services in the agroecosystems in Spain: Conceptual framework and methodology

2016 ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Velasco Muñoz ◽  
José Ángel Aznar Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Valuation Of Ecosystem Services ◽  
The Cost

<p>El estudio de la valoración de los servicios de los ecosistemas es un área de investigación reciente en España pero que ha cobrado un fuerte impulso durante las últimas décadas. El carácter multidimensional de estos servicios, la diversidad de beneficiarios y partes interesadas, y los diferentes enfoques valorativos existentes hacen que su valoración resulte compleja. En este trabajo se presenta el marco conceptual para la valoración de los servicios provistos por los ecosistemas y una descripción de las metodologías más utilizadas, aplicado a los agroecosistemas españoles. Para ello se ha realizado una búsqueda en la base de datos del <em>Institute for Scientific Information </em>(ISI), dando como resultado una muestra de 101 trabajos. La metodología utilizada para su análisis ha sido de tipo cualitativo. Los resultados obtenidos muestran como el grueso de los trabajos de valoración de ecoservicios provistos por agroecosistemas en España se ha publicado durante los últimos cinco años y que entre las metodologías económicas más utilizadas destacan el análisis coste-beneficio, la valoración contingente y los experimentos de elección.</p><p>The study of the valuation of ecosystem services is a recent area of research in Spain but has gained strong impulse during the last decades. The multidimensional nature of these services, in addition to the diversity of related beneficiaries and actors, and the different approaches make their evaluation is complex. This paper presents the conceptual framework for the assessment of services provided by ecosystems and a description of the methodologies most used, applied to Spanish agroecosystems. To this end, it has conducted a search in the database of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), resulting in a sample of 101 papers. The methodology used for the analysis was qualitative. The results show how the majority of the proyect on valuation of ecosystem services provided by agroecosystems in Spain has been published for the past five years and between the most used economic methodologies include the cost-benefit analysis, contingent valuation and choice experiments.</p>

Hostile Takeovers and Anti-takeover Defenses in the Russian Corporate Market

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Takeover Defenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Markets

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.

The Evolutionary Psychology of Scientific Publishing: Cost-Benefit Optimization of Players in the Game

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milind Watve
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Current System ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Scientific Publishing ◽  
Collective Goal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Collective Goals ◽  
Innate Tendency

Peer reviewed scientific publishing is critical for communicating important findings, interpretations and theories in any branch of science. While the value of peer review is rarely doubted, much concern is being raised about the possible biases in the process. I argue here that most of the biases originate in the evolved innate tendency of every player to optimize one’s own cost benefits. Different players in the scientific publishing game have different cost-benefit optima. There are multiple conflicts between individual optima and collective goals. An analysis of the cost-benefit optima of every player in the scientific publishing game shows how and why biases originate. In the current system of publishing, by optimization considerations, the probability of publishing a ‘bad’ manuscript is relatively small but the probability of rejecting a ‘good’ manuscript is very high. By continuing with the current publishing structure, the global distribution of the scientific community would be increasingly clustered. Publication biases by gender, ethnicity, reputation, conformation and conformity will be increasingly common and revolutionary concepts increasingly difficult to publish. Ultimately, I explore the possibility of designing a peer review publishing system in which the conflicts between individual optimization and collective goal can be minimized. In such a system, if everyone behaves with maximum selfishness, biases would be minimized and the progress towards the collective goal would be faster and smoother. Changing towards such a system might prove difficult unless a critical mass of authors take an active role to revolutionize scientific publishing.

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