Archaeology, Heritage, and Public Participation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Michael S. Nassaney
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Collaborative Archaeology ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Multiple Groups ◽  
Descendant Communities

Abstract Various descendant and community groups have long been involved in aspects of the discovery, investigation, preservation, and interpretation of archaeological remains and associated heritage. No longer content with merely being bystanders and even consultants, many have insisted on fully collaborating, co-creating, and controlling the archaeological and heritage management process. Despite the potential shared interests among archaeologists, local residents, and descendant communities, differences in ontologies, epistemologies, and deep-seated ethical values often pose challenges for an authentic collaborative archaeology that serves the needs and interests of multiple groups. In this article, I examine public participation in archaeology and heritage management, identify some of the gaps between prescription and practice, and suggest that we must adopt transformative values if we are to fulfill the promise of authentic collaboration.

The Snow-Capped Mountain and the Uranium Mine

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chip Colwell ◽  
T. J. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Uranium Mine ◽  
Sacred Landscape ◽  
Federal Mandate ◽  
Traditional Cultural Properties ◽  
Living Being ◽  
Descendant Communities

AbstractKnown in English as Mount Taylor, Dewankwin Kyaba:chu Yalanne (“in the east snow-capped mountain”) in northwestern New Mexico is a sacred landscape to the Zuni people. From an archaeological perspective, the mountain is dotted with hundreds of discrete archaeological sites that record 12,000 years of history. From a Zuni perspective, Mount Taylor is a rich cultural landscape—a tangible record of ancestral migrations, a living being, a pilgrimage site, a referent in religious prayers, a spiritual source of rain, and a collecting place for spring water, animals, minerals, and plants. For Zunis, all of these facets of the mountain combine to create a “total landscape” that is both a source and an instrument of Zuni culture. This article presents a case study of a compliance project to document the potential impacts of a proposed uranium mine at the base of Mount Taylor on Zuni traditional cultural properties. The project demonstrates how archaeologists can benefit from a landscape perspective that builds from the traditional knowledge of descendant communities. The Zuni standpoint further helps shape a CRM practice that is anthropologically informed and consistent with a developing federal mandate to use landscape-scale analysis in heritage management and mitigation practices.

Enhancing E-Participation in Urban Planning Competitions

2022 ◽  
pp. 1238-1265
Author(s):  
Pilvi Nummi ◽  
Susa Eräranta ◽  
Maarit Kahila-Tani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Competition Process ◽  
The Impact

Planning competitions are used as a way to determine alternatives and promote innovative solutions in the early phase of urban planning. However, the traditional jury-based evaluation process is encountering significant opposition, as it does not consider the views of local residents. This chapter describes how web-based public participation tools are utilized in urban planning competitions to register public opinion alongside the expert view given by the jury. The research focus of this chapter is on studying how public participation can be arranged in competition processes, how the contestants use the information produced, and how it has been utilized in further planning of the area. Based on two Finnish case studies, this study indicates that web-based tools can augment public participation in the competition process. However, the results indicate that the impact of participation on selecting the winner is weak. Instead, in further planning of the area, the public opinions are valuable.

scholarly journals Web-based Public Participation in Urban Planning Competitions

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susa Eräranta ◽  
Maarit Kahila-Tani ◽  
Pilvi Nummi-Sund
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Public Evaluation ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Competition Process

In Finland, planning competitions are used as a way to determine alternatives in the early phase of urban planning. However, the traditional jury-based evaluation process is encountering significant opposition as it does not consider the views of local residents. In recent years, methods of web-based evaluation have been developed and tested to register public opinion in several planning competitions. This paper describes how web-based public participation and GIS-based evaluation tools, such as PPGIS (public participation geographic information system) and public evaluation web pages, are utilised in urban planning competitions. The research focus of this paper is on studying how public participation can be arranged in competition processes and how the competitors use the information produced. In addition, we identify issues that can affect the utilisation of the information. Based on two Finnish case studies, this study indicates that web-based tools can augment public participation in various phases of the competition process.

Archaeological Landscapes and Cultural Heritage Management in Marginalized Communities in the British West Indies

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Kelley Scudder
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Cultural Resource Management ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Management Process ◽  
British West Indies ◽  
Cultural Resource ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
African Caribbean

As an archaeologist working throughout the British West Indies for the past several years, I have found myself drawn to roads less frequently traveled. While conducting surveys and excavations on behalf of various government and non-government agencies such as the Antiquities, Monuments and Museums Corporation of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos National Trust, I soon discovered that a void existed in the dialogue between archaeologists and the communities in which they worked, particularly between archaeologists and those who had been historically marginalized, namely those of African Caribbean descent. It appeared as though people whose ancestors had arrived as enslaved Africans were being excluded from the management of their own heritage resources historically and contemporarily. In order to determine the degree to which archaeologists included or excluded African Caribbean communities and associated archaeological sites from the cultural resource management process, I conducted a close examination of the activities of archaeologists. Two questions had to be addressed. First, were the histories and heritage of those with ancestral ties to sites being surveyed and excavated being taken into consideration in the cultural resource management process? Second, were the histories of colonialists being defined as uncontestable, with little or no regard for the experiences of African Caribbean communities?

scholarly journals PROSES PEMBENTUKAN BUDAYA DAN DINAMIKA FUNGSI SARKOFAGUS PADA DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI PETANU [CULTURAL FORMATION PROCESS AND THE FUNCTION DYNAMICS OF SARCOPHAGUS IN THE PETANU RIVER CATCHMENT]

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-154
Author(s):  
Nyoman Arisanti ◽  
Nyoman Sunarya
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Cultural Formation ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
River Catchments

Terdapat tiga daerah aliran sungai (DAS) yang mengandung tinggalan arkeologi yang tinggi, antara lain adalah DAS Pakerisan, DAS Wos, dan DAS Petanu. Salah satu tinggalan arkeologi masa prasejarah yang ditemukan pada DAS Petanu adalah sarkofagus. Sarkofagus DAS Petanu masih difungsikan oleh penduduk setempat sampai saat ini. Sarkofagus masuk kembali dalam sistem konteks sekali lagi, setelah melalui serangkaian proses pembentukan budaya, dan perubahan fungsi dalam tatanan kehidupan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami proses pembentukan budaya yang terjadi pada sarkofagus. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan fungsi sarkofagus dan faktor yang melatarbelakangi perubahan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan induktif-kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Sarkofagus telah mengalami berbagai proses mulai dari buat, pakai, buang, hingga digunakan kembali oleh masyarakat setempat saat ini. Terlepas dari signifikansinya dalam sistem ideologis, sarkofagus telah mengalami pergeseran fungsi dari konteks pemakaman menjadi ritus keagamaan yang lebih sakral. Perubahan fungsi sarkofagus ini disebabkan karena adanya perubahan ideologi masyarakat masa kini, dan adanya kepercayaan mengenai kekuatan benda kuno dalam masyarakat Hindu di Bali. There are three river catchments (DAS) that present abundant archaeological remains, including the Pakerisan, the Wos, and the Petanu. One of the prehistoric archaeological remains found in the Petanu river catchment is a sarcophagus. The sarcophagi of the Petanu river catchment are still used by local residents today. After going through a series of processes of cultural formation and changes in function in people’s living structure, once again the Petanu sarcophagi re-enters a context system. This study aims to comprehend the cultural formation process that has affected the purpose of the Petanu sarcophagi. Further, this study also aims to determine changes in the function of sarcophagi and the factors which caused the changes. This study uses qualitative-inductive reasoning. Data was collected by interview, observation, and literature study. The sarcophagi have undergone various processes ranging from making, using, disposing of, to being reused by the local community today. Despite its significance in the ideological system, the sarcophagus has undergone a shift in function from the context of a funeral to that of a more sacred religious rite. Such alteration in the function of the sarcophagus is due to changes in the ideology of today's society, and the belief in the power of ancient objects in Hindu society in Bali.

scholarly journals From Public Participation to Co-Creation in the Cultural Heritage Management Decision-Making Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9321
Author(s):  
Olgica Grcheva ◽  
Beser Oktay Vehbi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Cultural Heritage Management ◽  
Participation Decision ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Decision Making Processes

According to the ongoing discussions of researchers, practitioners, and international legislation, the prioritization of top-down decision-making processes in public participation is questionable due to their ambiguous outcomes in various contexts associated with the management of cultural heritage. The main aim of this paper is to highlight and identify co-creation as a sustainable and significant bottom-up methodology that has a wide range of applications, especially in the domain of Cultural Heritage Management (CHM). It is presented as an alternative to the already existing, less democratic, and passive public participation decision-making processes. Examining the evolution of the terms and the processes, together with the common aspects and differences between public participation and co-creation is another goal of this paper. Based on these aims and goals, after conducting case study analyses in various contexts and comprehensive theoretical reviews of the international charters and ongoing practices associated with both key terms, “public participation” and “co-creation”, this paper introduces results that have the potential to solve the existing problems in public participation models and frameworks and successfully integrate communities into the CHM decision-making process through the implementation of the co-creation methodology.

scholarly journals Web-Based Public Participation in Urban Planning Competitions

2016 ◽  
pp. 1549-1568
Author(s):  
Susa Eräranta ◽  
Maarit Kahila-Tani ◽  
Pilvi Nummi-Sund
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Public Evaluation ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Competition Process

In Finland, planning competitions are used as a way to determine alternatives in the early phase of urban planning. However, the traditional jury-based evaluation process is encountering significant opposition as it does not consider the views of local residents. In recent years, methods of web-based evaluation have been developed and tested to register public opinion in several planning competitions. This paper describes how web-based public participation and GIS-based evaluation tools, such as PPGIS (public participation geographic information system) and public evaluation web pages, are utilised in urban planning competitions. The research focus of this paper is on studying how public participation can be arranged in competition processes and how the competitors use the information produced. In addition, we identify issues that can affect the utilisation of the information. Based on two Finnish case studies, this study indicates that web-based tools can augment public participation in various phases of the competition process.

Competing Cultures: A New Age in Chaco Canyon

Collections ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 155019062095153
Author(s):  
Wendy Bustard
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
New Age ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Chaco Canyon ◽  
Museum Collection ◽  
Hispanic American ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Harmonic Convergence ◽  
Federal Land ◽  
Descendant Communities

Chaco Culture National Historical Park was founded to protect and preserve the archaeological remains of a complex pre-Hispanic American Southwestern society. The 1987 celebration of the Harmonic Convergence in Chaco Canyon forced the park to re-examine its museum collection policies. A new cultural use of the park arose with modern “offerings” left in archaeological sites by non-Native visitors. At the same time, Native American descendant communities were finding their political voices and making themselves heard by federal land managers. Managing the physical manifestations of competing cultural uses has evolved over time at Chaco, in response to descendant communities, “New Age” practitioners, and researchers.

Enhancing E-Participation in Urban Planning Competitions

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-94
Author(s):  
Pilvi Nummi ◽  
Susa Eräranta ◽  
Maarit Kahila-Tani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Competition Process ◽  
The Impact

Planning competitions are used as a way to determine alternatives and promote innovative solutions in the early phase of urban planning. However, the traditional jury-based evaluation process is encountering significant opposition, as it does not consider the views of local residents. This chapter describes how web-based public participation tools are utilized in urban planning competitions to register public opinion alongside the expert view given by the jury. The research focus of this chapter is on studying how public participation can be arranged in competition processes, how the contestants use the information produced, and how it has been utilized in further planning of the area. Based on two Finnish case studies, this study indicates that web-based tools can augment public participation in the competition process. However, the results indicate that the impact of participation on selecting the winner is weak. Instead, in further planning of the area, the public opinions are valuable.

scholarly journals Airborne Laserscanning in Archaeology: Maturing Methods and Democratizing Applications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Opitz
Keyword(s):  
Heritage Management ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
The Uk

Archaeologists have been using airborne laserscanning (ALS) for over a decade in projects ranging from heritage management schemes for postindustrial uplands in the UK or statemanaged forests in Germany to research on cities now obscured by tropical jungle canopy in Central Mexico. The basic methods for the analysis and interpretation of this data have matured considerably and data is increasing available. Building on this increasing accessibility and an established basic methodology, archaeologists are addressing a growing variety of ground conditions and research and heritage management objectives through this technology. With this diversification comes the need to adapt the basic methods used to new landscapes and types of archaeological remains, and to integrate the practice of working with ALS with diverse fieldwork and research practices.

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