scholarly journals Dynamic Optimization of Nitrogen in Plateau Cotton Yield Functions with Nitrogen Carryover Considerations

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Dhakal ◽  
Kelly Lange ◽  
Megha N. Parajulee ◽  
Eduardo Segarra
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Optimization ◽  
Decision Model ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Cotton Price ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Yield Functions

AbstractThis study utilizes a dynamic programming decision model, considering an intertemporal nitrogen carryover function, combined with both linear stochastic and deterministic plateau response functions to evaluate optimal nitrogen fertilizer decision rules and net present values (NPVs) in Texas High Plains cotton production. Nitrogen recommendations and NPVs are influenced by response function choice and nitrogen-to-cotton price ratios. Results indicate the stochastic plateau function better describes the data; the optimum nitrogen recommendation is to apply approximately 40 lb. of nitrogen for each bale of cotton production when considering nitrogen carryover information.

Simulating future climate change impacts on seed cotton yield in the Texas High Plains using the CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton model

2016 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 317-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradip Adhikari ◽  
Srinivasulu Ale ◽  
James P. Bordovsky ◽  
Kelly R. Thorp ◽  
Naga R. Modala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Texas High Plains

Temporal Variability of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Cotton Production on the Texas High Plains

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 2218-2225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Burke ◽  
K.L. Lewis ◽  
G.L. Ritchie ◽  
J. Moore‐Kucera ◽  
P.B. DeLaune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Texas High Plains

Comparison of Lygus elisus Van Duzee and Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae) Feeding Injury to Pre-bloom Cotton

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott Armstrong ◽  
Leonardo D. A. Camelo ◽  
Harlan G. Thorvilson ◽  
Leslie D. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Lygus Hesperus ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Significant Difference

Feeding injury and abscission of 6th, 9th and 11th node, first-position cotton squares exposed to Lygus hesperus Knight and L. elisus Van Duzee for 24 h were investigated in field and laboratory studies in 2001 and 2002. Square abscission was not significantly different for L. elisus or L. hesperus in six separate field trials over 2 yrs; however, the control was significantly lower in abscission in two of the six trials. Final square abscission averaged across the 2 yrs was 82.5% for the control, 90.0% for L. hesperus, and 86.3% for L. elisus. Square injury, as measured by estimating the surface area affected by Lygus feeding, was significantly higher for L. elisus compared with L. hesperus in three of the six of trials (6th node in 2002, 11th node for 2001 and 2002) indicating that, in some cases, L. elisus damage is higher than L. hesperus. However, when seed-cotton yield was obtained from squares that did not abcise, there was no significant difference for the control or the two Lygus species. This result was similar to other published studies of infesting cotton with L. lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) where yield compensation negated any differences in yield when infested cotton was compared to the control. Lygus elisus, a little known and often misidentified plant bug pest of Texas High Plains cotton, should be considered as damaging as L. hesperus.

scholarly journals Effects of Quality Considerations and Climate/Weather Information on the Management and Profitability of Cotton Production in the Texas High Plains

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Britt ◽  
Octavio A. Ramirez ◽  
Carlos E. Carpio
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Seed Yields

Production function models for cotton lint yields, seed yields, turnout, and lint quality characteristics are developed for the Texas High Plains. They are used to evaluate the impacts of quality considerations and of climate/weather information on the management decisions and on the profitability and risk of irrigated cotton production systems. It is concluded that both quality considerations and improved climatic/weather information could have substantial effects on expected profitability and risk. These effects mainly occur because of changes in optimal variety selection and irrigation water use levels. Quality considerations in particular result in significantly lower irrigation water use levels regardless of the climate/weather information assumption, which has important scarce-resource use implications for the Texas High Plains.

scholarly journals Assessing the impacts of irrigation termination periods on cotton productivity under strategic deficit irrigation regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil K. Himanshu ◽  
Srinivasulu Ale ◽  
James P. Bordovsky ◽  
JungJin Kim ◽  
Sayantan Samanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

AbstractDetermining optimum irrigation termination periods for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is crucial for efficient utilization and conservation of finite groundwater resources of the Ogallala Aquifer in the Texas High Plains (THP) region. The goal of this study was to suggest optimum irrigation termination periods for different Evapotranspiration (ET) replacement-based irrigation strategies to optimize cotton yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) using the CROPGRO-Cotton model. We re-evaluated a previously evaluated CROPGRO-Cotton model using updated yield and in-season physiological data from 2017 to 2019 growing seasons from an IWUE experiment at Halfway, TX. The re-evaluated model was then used to study the effects of combinations of irrigation termination periods (between August 15 and September 30) and deficit/excess irrigation strategies (55%-115% ET-replacement) under dry, normal and wet years using weather data from 1978 to 2019. The 85% ET-replacement strategy was found ideal for optimizing irrigation water use and cotton yield, and the optimum irrigation termination period for this strategy was found to be the first week of September during dry and normal years, and the last week of August during wet years. Irrigation termination periods suggested in this study are useful for optimizing cotton production and IWUE under different levels of irrigation water availability.

scholarly journals Impact of a More Intensive Insect Pest Infestation Level on Cotton Production: Texas High Plains

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharif M. Masud ◽  
Ronald D. Lacewell ◽  
John R. Stoll ◽  
J. Knox Walker ◽  
James F. Leser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Annual Reduction

AbstractThis study evaluated implications of increased bollworm problems in a 20-county area of the Texas High Plains relative to cotton yields and economic impact. Results did not indicate a serious effect of bollworms upon lint yield when insecticides were used for control. However, estimated annual reduction in farmer profit due to the bollworm for 1979-81 was over $30 million. Yields were estimated to decline about 300,000 bales without insecticide use and about 30,000 bales with insecticide use. This decline suggests potentially serious implications for the comparative economic position of cotton in this region if insecticide resistance were to develop among insect pests.

scholarly journals First Report of Verticillium Wilt of Watermelon in the Texas High Plains

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 1053-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Bruton ◽  
W. W. Fish ◽  
K. V. Subbarao ◽  
T. Isakeit
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Verticillium dahliae (Kleb.) is known worldwide as a destructive soilborne pathogen with a wide host range (2). Reports of V. dahliae attacking cucurbits are generally limited to ‘Casaba’ and ‘Persian’ type melons. During August and September of 2004 to 2006, fields of seedless watermelon (Citrullus lanatus [Thunb.] Matsum. & Nak.) and pollinators in Yoakum County, Texas, exhibited severe symptoms of vine decline. There was no apparent difference between diploid and triploid watermelon cultivars. Night-time temperatures during July, August, and September averaged 20°C or less. Losses were estimated in excess of one-half million dollars. Symptoms consisted of leaf yellowing, wilting, and gradual death of the leaves, but stems generally remained green. The xylem exhibited a uniform tan-to-light brown discoloration that often extended throughout the vine. Dead plants had numerous microsclerotia embedded throughout the root and crown. Crown and root sections (1 cm long) from triploid plants were surface disinfected in 0.5% NaOCl for 30 s, transferred to water agar with 100 ppm of streptomycin sulfate, and incubated at 25°C. Slow-growing colonies were transferred to potato dextrose agar after approximately 72 h. V. dahliae was identified on the basis of morphology (3). Pathogenicity of four selected isolates was determined on the watermelon cultivars used to identify races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon). Flasks containing 100 ml of medium (1) were inoculated with a 1-ml spore suspension at 1 × 105 spores/ml for each isolate and placed on an orbital shaker for 6 days at 100 rpm with continuous near-UV/fluorescent lighting at 25°C. Roots of approximately 40 plants of each of five watermelon cultivars (1 to 2 true-leaf stage) were trimmed to 2 cm long and root dipped for 2 min in the spore suspension (1 × 106/ml) of each isolate. Each cultivar/isolate combination and controls were transplanted into 10 pots (1.5 liter) with four plants per pot. The pots were transferred to the greenhouse where soil temperatures ranged between 15 and 25°C and were fertilized (Jack's fertilizer solution) every 7 days. Plants were rated at the end of 28 days as 1 = healthy, 2 = stunting (≤50% of controls), 3 = wilting, and 4 = dead. Initial wilting was observed within 7 to 10 days postinoculation. All four isolates caused varying degrees of vascular discoloration, stunting, wilting, and plant death. The pathogen was reisolated from symptomatic plants but not the controls. Mean disease ratings for the most virulent Texas isolate (28-040215) on ‘Black Diamond’, ‘Charleston Gray’, ‘Dixie Lee’, ‘Calhoun Gray’, and ‘PI 296341 FR’ were 2.7, 3.0, 3.0, 2.9, and 2.9, respectively. All watermelon Fon differentials were equally susceptible to V. dahliae in these studies. Historically, Verticillium wilt has been a problem in this area, which has been in cotton production for approximately 100 years. In the past decade, watermelon production has increased substantially to approximately 3,600 ha in the Texas High Plains. To our knowledge, this is the first known report of Verticillium wilt on watermelon in Texas. References: (1) R. G. Esposito and A. M. Fletcher. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 93:369, 1961. (2) G. F. Pegg and B. L. Brady. Verticillium Wilts. CABI Publishing, New York, 2002. (3) H. C. Smith. N. Z. J. Agr. Res. 8:450, 1965.

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