Human Rights and the Internet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Liddicoat
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legal Challenge ◽  
Use Of The Internet

The past decade has witnessed unprecedented use of the Internet for both advancing and suppressing human rights, giving rise to complex new issues that can both inspire and overwhelm. With ever-growing concerns about the (non-)regulation of our digital environment, it is surprising that both the theoretical and practical application of human rights to the Internet and our online lives remain unclear. <br><br>This book is a short and accessible introduction to the concepts of human rights, the Internet and the emergence of an era of human rights online as a new legal challenge. It will be of interest to a broad range of readers: policy makers and informed citizens, lawyers working with human rights defenders, and legal and human rights academics examining the emergence of this legal field.

Courting the Youth Vote in 2008: The Obama Effect

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey C Bohl
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Past ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
High Turnout ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Youth Vote

This paper examines a few of the numerous factors that may have led to increased youth turnout in 2008 Election. First, theories of voter behavior and turnout are related to courting the youth vote. Several variables that are perceived to affect youth turnout such as party polarization, perceived candidate difference, voter registration, effective campaigning and mobilization, and use of the Internet, are examined. Over the past 40 years, presidential elections have failed to engage the majority of young citizens (ages 18-29) to the point that they became inclined to participate. This trend began to reverse starting in 2000 Election and the youth turnout reached its peak in 2008. While both short and long-term factors played a significant role in recent elections, high turnout among youth voters in 2008 can be largely attributed to the Obama candidacy and campaign, which mobilized young citizens in unprecedented ways.

Soft Power Effectiveness: Problem of Evaluation

2015 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
E. Kharitonova
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Focus On Results ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Power Concept

The article focuses on the task of measuring and evaluating a state's soft power. While the soft power concept developed by Joseph Nye is currently widely accepted and used, its theoretical understanding and practical application remains challenging. Both international relations scholars and those responsible for soft power in governmental and non-state agencies are looking for the tools to assess their work and the country's standing in the world in terms of soft power. As the author of the concept and other researchers noted, evaluation and measurement may be difficult due to the number of influencing factors including the use of hard power that can overshadow soft power efforts, and also because soft power efforts can bring results only in a distant period of time. However, in response to the researchers' and policy makers' need to evaluate, measure and compare soft power related parameters, a number of international ratings evolved during the past several years, such as various ratings of soft power, nation brands, countries' reputation and presence. At the same time, such rankings have several weaknesses. First of all, they present mainly the western point of view which focuses on the parameters important for western audiences and may overlook characteristics important for other, non-western cultures. They also may be subjective due to financial reasons. Besides that, while some of the ratings aim to evaluate resources or assets of nations' soft power, other focus on results like influence or reputation. Evaluation of instruments used to enhance a country's soft power and their effectiveness is also important. In many cases, even significant resources of soft power do not guarantee strong positions in this context. Comparing certain countries' positions in different ratings helps to understand a country's standing in terms of soft power, identify strong sides and analyze whether a state's soft power potential transforms into the desired outcomes.

Understanding Digital Intelligence

2019 ◽  
pp. 590-613
Author(s):  
David Omand
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Layer Model ◽  
Intelligence Activity ◽  
Use Of The Internet

This chapter examines digital intelligence and international views on its future regulation and reform. The chapter summarizes the lead up to the Snowden revelations in terms of how digital intelligence grew in response to changing demands and was enabled by private sector innovation and mediated through legal, Parliamentary and executive regulation. A common set of ethical principles based on human rights considerations to govern modern intelligence activity (both domestic and external) is proposed in the chapter. A three-layer model of security activity on the Internet is used: securing the use of the Internet for everyday economic and social life and for political and military affairs; the activity of law enforcement attempting to manage criminal threats on the Internet; and the work of secret intelligence and security agencies exploiting the Internet to gain information on their targets, including in support of law enforcement.

Human Rights Movements and the Internet

2011 ◽  
pp. 182-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lannon ◽  
Edward Halpin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
The South ◽  
Human Rights Movement ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
The Impact

This chapter looks at the impact of the Internet on the worldwide human rights movement, and examines the opportunities and pitfalls of the technology and its applications for human rights organisations. It argues that the technology is a useful tool in nongovernmental efforts toward worldwide compliance with human rights norms despite the new challenges it presents for human rights defenders and activists, particularly in the South. Conceptualising the movement as a collection of issue-based social submovements, it draws on social movement literature and examples from Africa to describe how the technology and its applications benefit the movement in six key areas of activity. The promises, pitfalls, and difficulties of Internet usage are discussed, with particular emphasis on censorship, surveillance and privacy, and the challenges they pose for human rights activists operating in a digital environment.

scholarly journals The internet and consumer privacy - shopping basket or too hard basket

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dale Stephens
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Online Privacy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Consumer Privacy ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Online Shoppers ◽  
Use Of The Internet

<p>The Internet has rapidly become the world’s most prevalent form of communication. It can be accessed twenty-four hours a day from virtually any location in the world from a myriad of technologically savvy devices. Internet users can keep up to date with world events, watch movies, listen to music, interact with government agencies, analyse business trends, undertake research and maintain contact with people anywhere. The Internet also provides the ability for users to shop ‘online’ with virtually any product or service supplier anywhere in the world. This has created concerns regarding the use of personal information obtained through the medium of the Internet. An individual’s right to privacy is a right enshrined in legislation and through tort law. With the uptake of technology and the burgeoning use of the Internet the subject of online privacy has become a complex issue for law and policy makers both in New Zealand and internationally. The aim of this paper is to look at the online shopper or consumer and how their information could be protected. This paper looks at the key areas of privacy legislation, the storage of data and the rise of new technologies including ‘cloud’ computing and suggests that the complexity of online privacy is such that a different approach to access and use of personal information of online shoppers may be required. The rate of technology change, the enormity of the data capture situation and the international accessibility of the Internet are all factors that create an almost impossible situation for ensuring consumer privacy so this paper proposes that the onus moves away from the law and policy makers and put into the hands of the users of the Internet.</p>

scholarly journals Transitional justice: (re)conceptualising the field

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Bell ◽  
Colm Campbell ◽  
Fionnuala Ní Aoláin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Truth Commissions ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legal Methodology ◽  
Practical Implications

Transitional justice discourse is generally accepted as having its foundations located in the theoretical, policy and practical implications of dealing with past human rights violations in societies that have experienced either repressive politics or violent conflict. Many theorists and policy-makers resolutely assume or defend the notion that ‘dealing with the past’ is where the debates about, and contribution of, the transitional justice paradigm uniquely lie.2Understood in this way, transitional justice as a field of study has grown exponentially, comprising theoretical debates, the comparative assessment of domestic accountability schemes, international criminal justice, the study of truth commissions, and ethical-legal debate concerning the morality of compromise on accountability for gross and systematic violations of human rights.This foreword, building on the previous work of its authors,3extends and expands our contention that transitional justice in this narrow sense must be located in a broader and more problematised understanding of justice in contemporary transitions. We also use the opportunity provided by this symposium to highlight an expansion of conceptual horizons being carried out at the Transitional Justice Institute (University of Ulster), and the innovative approach to the transitional justice field being advanced by a group of diverse inter-disciplinary scholars. The approach advocates both drawing on other disciplines, and firmly supporting parallel disciplinary fields to work alongside a legal research agenda; affirming the importance of rigorous cross-jurisdictional comparisons; and utilising empirical and socio-legal methodology to advance legal inquiry.

scholarly journals Keyword Recognition Device Cloud Based

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VIII) ◽  
pp. 87-89
Author(s):  
Apurv Singh Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Speech Recognition System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Over the past few decades speech recognition has been researched and developed tremendously. However in the past few years use of the Internet of things has been significantly increased and with it the essence of efficient speech recognition is beneficial more than ever. With the significant improvement in Machine Learning and Deep learning, speech recognition has become more efficient and applicable. This paper focuses on developing an efficient Speech recognition system using Deep Learning.

scholarly journals Legal problems of internet access in the Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Kuchuk ◽  
◽  
Victor Pushkash ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Information Resource ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
The Right ◽  
Human Rights Violation

In the Republic of Moldova, the Internet has become the main information resource. This, we can appreciate that in comparison with providing a person with many advantages and opportunities, the Internet generates more and more legal problems. The main reason for this is violation of fundamental human rights, violation of the interests of society and the state. The articles provide arguments about the need to regulate the Internet, starting with the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova and ending with the current legislation. In the opinion of the authors, the right to the Internet should also be enshrined in a special law, which would provide for the conditions for access to the Internet, the obligations of service operators and users, restrictions and guarantees of responsible use of the Internet.

scholarly journals How The Internet Affects Productivity

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Hannula ◽  
Antti Lonnqvist
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Productivity Paradox ◽  
The Past ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
New Business ◽  
Use Of The Internet

During the past decade, there has been a lot of research focusing on the Internets effects on productivity. One of the central themes of this research has been the productivity paradox. Productivity paradox is a phenomenon in which investments in the use of information technology have not resulted in productivity improvements. The objective of this paper is to present the conclusions that this extensive research of the past few years has arrived at concerning the Internets effects on productivity. This paper also includes a practical example which illustrates how the use of the Internet might result in very high productivity improvements by redesigning the entire business model.In the literature, the research results on the issue are conflicting. Some researchers have not found any evidence that would suggest that the use of the Internet increases productivity. However, there are several success stories that imply that the Internet could be an important tool in improving productivity or overall performance of a firm. In addition, it seems that in some cases the productivity paradox has occurred because of defective or unsuitable productivity measures, or even because of conceptual confusions.The key finding of this paper is that the use of the Internet may or may not increase productivity, depending on the way it is used. From the managerial perspective, there are also many other reasons for using the Internet, such as improved customer service or competitive pressure. However, a better customer service means better value for a customer. For a firm this usually means better productivity. To conclude, it seems evident that successful investments in internet technology should lead to better productivity and the greatest productivity improvements are attainable when the Internet is used to create entirely new business models.

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