A longitudinal study of the bi-directional relationship between tobacco smoking and psychological distress in a community sample of young Australian women

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
J.C. Ballenger
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Community Sample

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of the bi-directional relationship between tobacco smoking and psychological distress in a community sample of young Australian women

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1273-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Leung ◽  
C. Gartner ◽  
W. Hall ◽  
J. Lucke ◽  
A. Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Smoking History

BackgroundTobacco smoking and poor mental health are both prevalent and detrimental health problems in young women. The temporal relationship between the two variables is unclear. We investigated the prospective bi-directional relationship between smoking and mental health over 13 years.MethodParticipants were a randomly selected community sample of 10 012 young women with no experience of pregnancy, aged 18–23 years at baseline (1996) from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Follow-up surveys over 13 years were completed in 2000, 2003, 2006 and 2009, allowing for five waves of data. Measures included self-reported smoking and mental health measured by the Mental Health Index from the 36-item short-form health questionnaire and the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Sociodemographic control variables included marital status, education level and employment status.ResultsA strong cross-sectional dose–response relationship between smoking and poor mental health was found at each wave [odds ratio (OR) 1.41, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.17–1.70 to OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.82–2.81]. Longitudinal results showed that women who smoked had 1.21 (95% CI 1.06–1.39) to 1.62 (95% CI 1.24–2.11) times higher odds of having poor mental health at subsequent waves. Women with poor mental health had 1.12 (95% CI 1.17–1.20) to 2.11 (95% CI 1.68–2.65) times higher odds of smoking at subsequent waves. These results held after adjusting for mental health history and smoking history and sociodemographic factors. Correlation analysis and structural equation modelling results were consistent in showing that both directions of the relationship were statistically significant.ConclusionsThe association between poor mental health and smoking in young women appeared to be bi-directional.

Dispersion in Cognitive Ability as a Function of Age: A Longitudinal Study of an Elderly Community Sample

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Christensen ◽  
A.J. Mackinnon ◽  
A.E. Korten ◽  
A.F. Jorm ◽  
A.S. Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Community Sample

scholarly journals Mild cognitive impairment: prevalence and incidence according to different diagnostic criteria

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Busse ◽  
Jeannette Bischkopf ◽  
Steffi G. Riedel-Heller ◽  
Matthias C. Angermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundAlthough mild cognitive impairment is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia, there has been little work on its incidence and prevalence.AimsTo report age-specific prevalence, incidence and predictive validities for four diagnostic concepts of mild cognitive impairment.MethodA community sample of 1045 dementia-free individuals aged 75 years and over was examined by neuropsychological testing in a three-wave longitudinal study.ResultsPrevalence rates ranged from 3% to 20%, depending on the concept applied. The annual incidence rates applying different case definitions varied from 8 to 77 per 1000 person-years. Rates of conversion to dementia over 2.6 years ranged from 23% to 47%.ConclusionsMild cognitive impairment is frequent in older people. Prevalence, incidence and predictive validities are highly dependent on the diagnostic criteria applied.

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