STN–PPTg circuits and REM sleep dysfunction in drug-refractory epilepsy

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Jun Xu ◽  
Tao-Tao Liu ◽  
Zhi-Gang He ◽  
Qing-Xiong Hong ◽  
Hong-Bing Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Sleep Dysfunction ◽  
Drug Refractory Epilepsy

CeA-NPO circuits and REM sleep dysfunction in drug-refractory epilepsy

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Jun Xu ◽  
Tao-Tao Liu ◽  
Zhi-Gang He ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Hong-Bing Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Sleep Dysfunction ◽  
Drug Refractory Epilepsy

scholarly journals Epilepsy in children with perinatal arterial ischemic stroke

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Kühne ◽  
Alexander Jungbluth ◽  
Joanna Schneider ◽  
Christoph Bührer ◽  
Christine Prager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Arterial Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Structural Epilepsy ◽  
Drug Refractory Epilepsy

Purpose: Perinatal ischemic stroke (PIS) is a frequent cause for perinatal brain structure defects resulting in epilepsy, cerebral palsy and disability. Since the severity of symptoms is variable, the aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of children with PIS and seizures/epilepsy to aid parental counseling and therapy decisions. Material: We studied retrospectively patients with arterial PIS and structural epilepsy or seizures in the newborn treated at a single center in 2000-2019. Specifically, signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy (CP), developmental and motor delay, epilepsy and thrombophilia were assessed. Results: From the identified 69 individuals with arterial PIS, we only included the 50 patients (64% male) who had structural epilepsy at the time of investigation or previously in their medical history.The mean age of the included patients was 7.1 years (range 0.08-22) at last consultation. Infarct localisation was predominantly unilateral (86%), left sided (58%) and affecting the middle cerebral artery (94%). Genetic thrombophilia was identified in 52% of the patients examined with genetic testing. More than half of the individuals had CP (52%), and 38.5% had a cognitive outcome below average. First seizures occurred in the neonatal period in 58% of patients and developed into drug-refractory epilepsy in 24.1%. Children with late-onset of epilepsy were twice as likely to develop drug-refractory epilepsy (52.4%). Discussion: Our study shows that patients with PIS and seizures as common sequela often also develop CP. Children with later onset of epilepsy have a worse outcome. Patients with seizure onset in the neonatal period and reccuring seizures have a good response to treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis, follow-up examination and adequate therapy are important. Most children need intensive physiotherapy and speech therapy; however, participation in life is usually age-appropriate.

Clinical spectrum of pediatric drug refractory epilepsy secondary to parieto-occipital gliosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 106804
Author(s):  
Somdattaa Ray ◽  
Raghavendra Kenchaiah ◽  
Ajay Asranna ◽  
Hansashree Padmanabha ◽  
Karthik Kulanthaivelu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Clinical Spectrum ◽  
Pediatric Drug ◽  
Drug Refractory Epilepsy

scholarly journals Time-of-day influences on respiratory sequelae following maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 2592-2600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benton S. Purnell ◽  
Michael A. Hajek ◽  
Gordon F. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Sudden Unexpected Death ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Sleep State

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of death in refractory epilepsy patients. Although specific mechanisms underlying SUDEP are not well understood, evidence suggests most SUDEP occurs due to seizure-induced respiratory arrest. SUDEP also tends to happen at night. Although this may be due to circumstances in which humans find themselves at night, such as being alone without supervision or sleeping prone, or to independent influences of sleep state, there are a number of reasons why the night (i.e., circadian influences) could be an independent risk factor for SUDEP. We explored this possibility. Adult male WT mice were instrumented for EEG, EMG, and EKG recording and subjected to maximal electroshock (MES) seizures during wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during the nighttime/dark phase. These data were compared with data collected following seizures induced during the daytime/light phase. Seizures induced during the nighttime were similar in severity and duration to those induced during the daytime; however, seizures induced during the nighttime were associated with a lesser degree of respiratory dysregulation and postictal EEG suppression. Seizures induced during REM sleep during the nighttime were universally fatal, as is seen when seizures are induced during REM during the daytime. Taken together, these data implicate a role for time of day in influencing the physiological consequences of seizures that may contribute to seizure-induced death. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of death in patients with refractory epilepsy. SUDEP frequently occurs during the night, which has been attributed to an effect of sleep. We have shown that sleep state does indeed influence survival following a seizure. That SUDEP occurs during the night could also implicate a circadian influence. In this study we found that time of day independently affects the physiological consequences of seizures.

Investigation of altered microstructure in patients with drug refractory epilepsy using diffusion tensor imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwei Jiang ◽  
Lingyan Mao ◽  
Xu Yan ◽  
Mingxia Fan ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Drug Refractory Epilepsy

scholarly journals Transporters in Drug-Refractory Epilepsy: Clinical Significance

2010 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Marchi ◽  
J Gonzalez-Martinez ◽  
M-T Nguyen ◽  
T Granata ◽  
D Janigro
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Drug Refractory Epilepsy

scholarly journals Effect of reduction of antiepileptic drugs in patients with drug-refractory epilepsy

Seizure ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Dash ◽  
Vikas Aggarwal ◽  
Rupa Joshi ◽  
Madakasira Vasantha Padma ◽  
Manjari Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Drug Refractory Epilepsy
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