Common comorbidities in women and men with epilepsy and the relationship between number of comorbidities and health plan paid costs in 2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Wilner ◽  
B.K. Sharma ◽  
A. Soucy ◽  
A. Thompson ◽  
A. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Health Plan ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Organizational Management Culture and Employers' Health Insurance Offering Strategies in the US: An Ubuntu Based Random Utility Modeling Approach

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Niankara
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Plan ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Random Utility ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Management Culture ◽  
The Relationship

This article takes an approach to explaining the behavioral manifestations of the decision making in US companies’ offer of health insurance that is grounded not only on their cost minimizing behavior, but also in a humanness dimension based on the African concept of Ubuntu. In this way, we define an Ubuntu based Random Utility modeling framework, describing the choice process as a tripartite decision making, and implemented using a nationally representative random sample of 1,061 American companies from the Dunn and Bradstreet Business data, supplied by Survey Sampling International to the Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research. The results from the three sequentially implemented specifications showed that the relationship between management culture and health plan offering strategy is dependent on other relevant co-variates, which when left out, leads to the problem of omitted variables bias. However, when all variables are included but assumed to enter the relationship exogenously, this results in management culture not having any statistically significant effect on companies' decisions about scope of health plan offering. When the exogeneity assumption is relaxed through a recursively Bivariate Probit model, the system of two equations produces a highly significant management culture effect. In fact, in this later case we see that companies with groups and formal committee management culture are 1.58 times less likely to choose a multiple plan strategy over a single plan strategy, hence failing to show the more wholesome plan offering that would theoretically prevail under Ubuntu style management.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Financial and Non-Financial Indicators for Health Plan Operators

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-333
Author(s):  
Leandro Fernandes de Jesus ◽  
Juliana Molina Queiroz ◽  
Marcelo Álvaro da Silva Macedo ◽  
Cláudia Ferreira da Cruz ◽  
Fernanda Filgueiras Sauerbronn
Keyword(s):  
Health Plan ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The Relationship between Health Plan Performance Measures and Physician Network Overlap: Implications for Measuring Plan Quality

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. Maeng ◽  
Dennis P. Scanlon ◽  
Michael E. Chernew ◽  
Tim Gronniger ◽  
Walter P. Wodchis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Health Plan ◽  
Plan Quality ◽  
Physician Network ◽  
Network Overlap ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Depression treatment in Germany – using claims data to compare a collaborative mental health care program to the general practitioner program and usual care in terms of guideline adherence and need-oriented access to psychotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Engels ◽  
Hans-Helmut König ◽  
Julia Luise Magaard ◽  
Martin Härter ◽  
Sabine Hawighorst-Knapstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Sick Leave ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Health Plan ◽  
Guideline Adherence ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Depression Treatment ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Societies strive for fast-delivered, evidence-based and need-oriented depression treatment within budget constraints. To explore potential improvements, selective contracts can be implemented. Here, we evaluate if the German collaborative psychiatry-neurology-psychotherapy contract (PNP), which extends the gatekeeping-based general practitioner (GP) program, improved guideline adherence or need-oriented and timely access to psychotherapy compared to usual care (UC). Methods We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study based on health insurance claims data. After we identified patients with depression who were on sick leave due to a mental disorder in 2015, we applied entropy balancing to adjust for selection effects and employed chi-squared tests to compare guideline adherence of the received treatment between PNP, the GP program and UC. Subsequently, we applied an extended cox regression to assess need-orientation by comparing the relationship between accumulated sick leave days and waiting times for psychotherapy across health plans. Results N = 23,245 patients were included. Regarding guideline adherence, we found no significant differences for most severity subgroups; except that patients with a first moderate depressive episode received antidepressants or psychotherapy more often in UC. Regarding need-orientation, we observed that the effect of each additional month of sick leave on the likelihood of starting psychotherapy was increased by 6% in PNP compared to UC. Irrespective of the health plan, we found that within the first 12 months only between 24.3 and 39.7% (depending on depression severity) received at least 10 psychotherapy sessions or adequate pharmacotherapy. Conclusions The PNP contract strengthens the relationship between sick leave days and the delay until the beginning of psychotherapy, which suggests improvements in terms of need-oriented access to care. However, we found no indication for increased guideline adherence and – independent of the health plan – a gap in sufficient utilization of adequate treatment options.

Interstellar gas in the central region of the Galaxy

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Recombination ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
The Relationship

A review is given of information on the galactic-centre region obtained from recent observations of the 21-cm line from neutral hydrogen, the 18-cm group of OH lines, a hydrogen recombination line at 6 cm wavelength, and the continuum emission from ionized hydrogen.Both inward and outward motions are important in this region, in addition to rotation. Several types of observation indicate the presence of material in features inclined to the galactic plane. The relationship between the H and OH concentrations is not yet clear, but a rough picture of the central region can be proposed.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

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