Land Sparing and Land Sharing Policies in Developing Countries – Drivers and Linkages to Scientific Debates

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 523-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Mertz ◽  
Charlotte Filt Mertens
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Land Sharing ◽  
Land Sparing ◽  
Scientific Debates

Planning for the future

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Esler ◽  
Anna L. Jacobsen ◽  
R. Brandon Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Land Sharing ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Land Sparing ◽  
Habitat Conversion ◽  
Sustainable Conservation ◽  
Terrestrial Biomes

Mediterranean-type climate (MTC) regions are highlighted in several global analyses of conservation risk and priorities. These regions have undergone high levels of habitat conversion and yet of all terrestrial biomes they have the second lowest level of land protection. With transformation pressures set to continue (Chapter 8), planning for a sustainable conservation future in MTC regions is therefore essential. Conservation activities are represented by a variety of philosophies and motives, partially driven by the underlying differences in transformation drivers and sociopolitical contexts across MTC regions. These activities include investment in, and best-practice management of, protected areas (land sparing), an interdisciplinary focus on integrated management of production landscapes (land sharing; stewardship), as well as ecological restoration to increase habitat, improve connectivity, and provide a hedge against the impacts of future climate change. These responses need to be applied in a strategic, synergistic manner to minimize future biodiversity loss.

scholarly journals Farming with Alternative Pollinators benefits pollinators, natural enemies, and yields, and offers transformative change to agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Christmann ◽  
Youssef Bencharki ◽  
Soukaina Anougmar ◽  
Pierre Rasmont ◽  
Moulay Chrif Smaili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Land Sharing ◽  
Pollinator Decline ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Land Sparing ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Small Grant ◽  
Wildflower Strips

AbstractLow- and middle-income countries cannot afford reward-based land sparing for wildflower strips to combat pollinator decline. Two small-grant projects assessed, if an opportunity-cost saving land-sharing approach, Farming with Alternative Pollinators, can provide a method-inherent incentive to motivate farmers to protect pollinators without external rewards. The first large-scale Farming-with-Alternative-Pollinators project used seven main field crops in 233 farmer fields of four agro-ecosystems (adequate rainfall, semi-arid, mountainous and oasis) in Morocco. Here we show results: higher diversity and abundance of wild pollinators and lower pest abundance in enhanced fields than in monocultural control fields; the average net-income increase per surface is 121%. The higher income is a performance-related incentive to enhance habitats. The income increase for farmers is significant and the increase in food production is substantial. Higher productivity per surface can reduce pressure on (semi)-natural landscapes which are increasingly used for agriculture. Land-use change additionally endangers biodiversity and pollinators, whereas this new pollinator-protection approach has potential for transformative change in agriculture.

scholarly journals Producir y conservar: nuevos horizontes en torno a los modelos de integración y separación territorial

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Ortega-Álvarez ◽  
Alejandro Casas ◽  
Fernanda Figueroa ◽  
Luis Antonio Sánchez-González
Keyword(s):  
Land Sharing ◽  
Land Sparing

La alimentación y provisión de materias primas a la creciente población mundial imponen retos enormes para el bienestar humano y la conservación de la biodiversidad. Frente a estos retos, ha surgido un debate multidisciplinario en el que se confrontan dos modelos de configuración territorial para la producción de alimentos y la conservación. El modelo de separación territorial (land-sparing) propone intensificar la producción agrícola industrializada y ubicar en sitios distintos las zonas para la conservación. Contrariamente, el modelo de integración territorial (land-sharing) considera indeseables los modelos industrializados de producción y sostiene que las actividades productivas primarias y la conservación son compatibles. Este trabajo revisa las propuestas y críticas asociadas con ambos modelos y aborda temas analizados de forma insuficiente en el debate. Asimismo, propone un esquema participativo para construir lineamientos de manejo de sistemas productivos. Ningún modelo por sí mismo es suficiente para resolver los retos productivos y de conservación dada la complejidad de los sistemas socioecológicos; en su lugar, es deseable construir lineamientos de manejo desde el interior de las comunidades, tomando como base las necesidades, conocimientos y capacidades de los productores locales, y apoyando su definición mediante información científica sólida. Ello facilitará desarrollar actividades productivas a través de un enfoque de sustentabilidad.

scholarly journals Land‐sparing agriculture sustains higher levels of avian functional diversity than land sharing

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1576-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick G. Cannon ◽  
James J. Gilroy ◽  
Joseph A. Tobias ◽  
Alex Anderson ◽  
Torbjørn Haugaasen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Land Sharing ◽  
Land Sparing

Reconciling Food Production and Biodiversity Conservation: Land Sharing and Land Sparing Compared

Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 333 (6047) ◽  
pp. 1289-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Phalan ◽  
Malvika Onial ◽  
Andrew Balmford ◽  
Rhys E. Green
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Land Sharing ◽  
Land Sparing ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Agricultural Intensity ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Negative Impacts

The question of how to meet rising food demand at the least cost to biodiversity requires the evaluation of two contrasting alternatives: land sharing, which integrates both objectives on the same land; and land sparing, in which high-yield farming is combined with protecting natural habitats from conversion to agriculture. To test these alternatives, we compared crop yields and densities of bird and tree species across gradients of agricultural intensity in southwest Ghana and northern India. More species were negatively affected by agriculture than benefited from it, particularly among species with small global ranges. For both taxa in both countries, land sparing is a more promising strategy for minimizing negative impacts of food production, at both current and anticipated future levels of production.

scholarly journals The range, abundance and habitat of Hinde’s Babbler Turdoides hindei: fine-scale changes in abundance during 2000–2011 reflect temporal variation in scrub cover

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHIL SHAW ◽  
PETER NJOROGE ◽  
VINCENT OTIENO ◽  
EDSON MLAMBA
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Land Sharing ◽  
Land Sparing ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Bird Species Diversity

SummaryIn developing countries, ‘land sparing’ may be more effective than ‘land sharing’ in partially mitigating the impacts of farming on bird species diversity. We examined the pattern of change in the global and local distribution of Hinde’s Babbler Turdoides hindei, a ‘Vulnerable’ Kenyan endemic whose local abundance is dependent on a passive form of land sharing, in which farmland is left fallow or abandoned, enabling Lantana scrub to colonise. In 2011 we assessed the species’ global range and resurveyed three IBAs, surveyed previously in 2000–2001, to determine whether fine-scale changes in abundance reflected temporal changes in habitat quality. Although the babbler’s known range increased between 1900–1970 and 1991–2011, we suggest that this apparent expansion largely reflects an improved knowledge base, and that several recently discovered sites are likely to have been overlooked in the past. In combination, the three IBAs surveyed in 2000-2001 and 2011 showed little net change in the number of individuals (+1.3%) or groups (-3.8%) encountered, despite a 68% decline in the number individuals recorded at one site. Within 1-km transect sections there was a positive correlation between change in Hinde’s Babbler abundance and change in the amount of scrub cover available, such that a reduction in scrub cover of 22 and 6 percentage points, respectively, was associated with the loss of one group or one individual. The availability of scrub cover was dependent mainly on the amount land left uncultivated, perhaps in response to changes in the value of coffee and other crops. Since the babbler’s abundance thus currently depends mainly on land sharing by default, rather than by design, we suggest that a more proactive approach, involving land purchase or payments for land set aside, might help to secure its future.

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