scholarly journals Missing Links, Missing Markets: Evidence of the Transformation Process in the Economic Networks of Gambian Villages

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 645-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dany Jaimovich
Keyword(s):  
Transformation Process ◽  
Economic Networks ◽  
Missing Markets

Development Projects and Economic Networks: Lessons from Rural Gambia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Heß ◽  
Dany Jaimovich ◽  
Matthias Schündeln
Keyword(s):  
Development Program ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Wealth Effects ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Economic Networks ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Village Level ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article investigates the effects of development projects on economic networks. To this end, we study the impact that a randomly allocated Community-Driven Development program in The Gambia has on economic interactions within rural villages. The program provides an exogenous source of variation to village-level stocks of productive capital and to village-wide collective activities. Based on detailed data on economic and social networks, we find a significant reduction of transfers in these networks in treatment villages. Guided by a theoretical framework, we investigate several possible mechanisms and find evidence that is consistent with two channels. First, the evidence points to modest wealth effects and a village-level transformation process towards a more formal economy. Second, we also find evidence that is consistent with elite capture, favouritism, and unequally distributed benefits leading to reductions in social capital and thus economic transactions. Overall, our findings suggest changes in networks as an avenue through which development interventions may have unintended consequences.

Structure of a new orthorhombic phase in NiTi: Mn shape memory alloys

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1000-1001
Author(s):  
Jenö Beyer ◽  
Lajos Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Intermetallic Phase ◽  
Orthorhombic Phase ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscope ◽  
Crystallographic Structures ◽  
Ternary Additions

The structural changes during reversible martensitic transformation of near-equiatomic NiTi alloys can best be studied in TEM at around room temperature. Ternary additions like Mn offer this possibility by suppressing the Ms temperature below RT. Besides the stable intermetallic phases (Ti2Ni, TiNi, TiNi3) several metastable phases with various crystallographic structures (rhombohedral, hexagonal, monoclinic, cubic) have also been reported to precipitate due to suitable annealing procedures.TiNi:Mn samples with 0.9 and 1.3 at% Mn were arc melted in argon atmosphere and homogenized at 948 °C for 72 hours in high vacuum in an infrared furnace. After spark cutting slices of 0.2 mm, TEM specimens were prepared by electrochemical polishing with the twin-jet technique in methanol - perchloric acid electrolyte. The TEM study was carried out in a JEOL 200 CX analytical electron microscope.In this paper a new intermetallic phase is reported which has been observed in both samples by TEM during the martensitic transformation process.

Got the Results, Now What Do You Do?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Heese
Keyword(s):  
Safety Culture ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Culture Transformation ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Air Navigation Services ◽  
Navigation Service

Members of the Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation have committed themselves to measure and improve safety culture within their organizations by 2013 ( CANSO, 2010 ). This paper attempts to offer support to air navigation service providers that have already implemented a standardized safety culture survey approach, in the process of transforming their safety culture based on existing survey results. First, an overview of the state of the art with respect to safety culture is presented. Then the application of the CANSO safety culture model from theory into practice is demonstrated based on four selected case studies. Finally, a summary of practical examples for driving safety culture change is provided, and critical success factors supporting the safety culture transformation process are discussed.

THE IMPACT OF UKRAINE'S EXCISE DUTY POLICY ON THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES OF THE TOBACCO MARKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Nadiia NOVYTSKA ◽  
◽  
Inna KHLIEBNIKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Excise Duty ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transformation Processes

The market of tobacco products in Ukraine is one of the most dynamic and competitive. It develops under the influence of certain factors that cause structural changes, therefore, the aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of transformation processes in the market of tobacco and their alternatives in Ukraine and identify the factors that cause them. The high level of tax burden and the proliferation of alternative products with a potentially lower risk to human health, including heating tobacco products and e-cigarettes, are key factors in the market’s transformation process. Their presence leads to an increase in illicit turnover of tobacco products, which accounts for 6.37% of the market, and the gradual replacement of cigarettes with alternative products, which account for 12.95%. The presence on the market of products that are not taxed or taxed at lower rates is one of the reasons for the reduction of excise duty revenues. According to the results of 2019, the planned indicators of revenues were not met by 23.5%. Other reasons for non-fulfillment of excise duty revenues include: declining dynamics of the tobacco products market; reduction in the number of smokers; reorientation of «cheap whites» cigarette flows from Ukraine to neighboring countries; tax avoidance. Prospects for further research are identified, namely the need to develop measures for state regulation and optimization of excise duty taxation of tobacco products and their alternatives, taking into account the risks to public health and increasing demand of illegal products.

Business Development Independent Populist Economic Owned Enterprises as a Village

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. 20792-20799
Author(s):  
I Ketut Sunada ◽  
I Ketut Sandi
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Business Unit ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Economic Networks ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
Economic Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Assets ◽  
The Village

Bumdes is a village business unit whose capital comes from village-owned funds . The goal is to float the village potential into an independent village. Thus it takes effort and strategic and appropriate tips to achieve that goal. The first tip is to establish a forum for the development of economic networks in this case is the establishment of BUMDES. Some of the things that can be done are: (i) development of human resources capability so as to provide added value in the management of village economic assets, (ii) integrating rural economic products so as to have good bargaining position in market network, (iii) (iv) strengthening village economic institutions, (v) developing supporting elements such as micro-credit, market information, technological and management support, economic infrastructure and communication networks as well as support for guidance and regulation.

Transnational Habitus and Sociability in the City: Zimbabwean Migrants’ Experiences in Johannesburg, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khangelani Moyo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The South ◽  
Economic Networks ◽  
Social Field ◽  
Transnational Migrants ◽  
Telephone Calls ◽  
The City

Drawing on field research and a survey of 150 Zimbabwean migrants in Johannesburg, this paper explores the dimensions of migrants’ transnational experiences in the urban space. I discuss the use of communication platforms such as WhatsApp and Facebook as well as other means such as telephone calls in fostering the embedding of transnational migrants within both the Johannesburg and the Zimbabwean socio-economic environments. I engage this migrant-embedding using Bourdieusian concepts of “transnational habitus” and “transnational social field,” which are migration specific variations of Bourdieu’s original concepts of “habitus” and “social field.” In deploying these Bourdieusian conceptual tools, I observe that the dynamics of South–South migration as observed in the Zimbabwean migrants are different to those in the South–North migration streams and it is important to move away from using the same lens in interpreting different realities. For Johannesburg-based migrants to operate within the socio-economic networks produced in South Africa and in Zimbabwe, they need to actively acquire a transnational habitus. I argue that migrants’ cultivation of networks in Johannesburg is instrumental, purposive, and geared towards achieving specific and immediate goals, and latently leads to the development and sustenance of flexible forms of permanency in the transnational urban space.

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