scholarly journals The Impact of Microfinance in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2249-2262 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. van Rooyen ◽  
R. Stewart ◽  
T. de Wet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of antenatal care on neonatal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e0222566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfalidet Tekelab ◽  
Catherine Chojenta ◽  
Roger Smith ◽  
Deborah Loxton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Food security impacts of industrial crop production in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the impact mechanisms

Food Security ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Pawel Jarzebski ◽  
Abubakari Ahmed ◽  
Yaw Agyeman Boafo ◽  
Boubacar Siddighi Balde ◽  
Linda Chinangwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Industrial Crop ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Estimating the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on childhood pneumonia in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuemeka Onwuchekwa ◽  
Edem Bassey ◽  
Victor Williams ◽  
Emmanuel Oga
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Childhood Pneumonia ◽  
Vaccine Impact ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in reducing the incidence of childhood pneumonia has not been well documented in sub-Saharan Africa. Many studies evaluating vaccine impact have used invasive pneumococcal disease or pneumococcal pneumonia as an outcome.ObjectiveTo estimate the impact of routine administration of 10-valent and 13-valent PCV on the incidence of pneumonia in children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa.Data sourcesA systematic review was conducted between 16 and 31 July 2019. The review was registered on PROSPERO with registration number CRD42019142369. The literature search was conducted in indexed databases including Medline and Embase, grey literature databases and online libraries of two universities. Manual search of the references of included studies was performed to identify additional relevant studies. The search strategy combined pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, pneumonia and child as search concepts.Study selectionStudies investigating the impact of 10- or13-valent PCV on childhood pneumonia in a sub-Saharan African country were eligible for inclusion. Case-control, cohort, pre-post and time-series study designs were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria were use of 7- or 9-valent PCV, systematic review studies, clinical trials and record publication prior to 2009.Data extractionIndependent data extraction was conducted. Key variables include year study conducted, type of study design, type of PCV used and year of introduction, reported PCV coverage, outcome measure evaluated and the effect measure.Data synthesisEight records were included in the final analysis, 6 records were pre-post or time-series studies, 1 was a case-control study and 1 report combined pre-post and case-control studies. Vaccine impact measured as percentage reduction in risk (%RR) of clinical pneumonia was mostly small and non-significant. The risk reduction was more significant and consistent on radiological and pneumococcal pneumonia. Vaccine effectiveness reported in case-control studies was mostly non-significant.ConclusionEvidence of the positive impact of routine infant pneumococcal vaccination on pneumonia in sub-Saharan Africa is weak. There is a need for more research in this area to evaluate the influence of pathogen or serotype replacement in pneumonia after PCV introduction. Ongoing surveillance is also required to establish the long term trend in pneumonia epidemiology after PCV introduction.

scholarly journals The Role of Community Health Workers in Oral Health Promotion and the Impact of their services in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Azhar Khan ◽  
Bernard Ojiambo Okeah ◽  
Etheldreda Leinyuy Mbivnjo ◽  
Ephraim Kisangala ◽  
Aaron W Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
General Physical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Physical Health

Oral ailments are largely preventable but remain a significant public health concern afflicting nearly half the global population. These conditions account for 220 years of life lost per 100,000 people and about US$500 billion in health-related expenditures. Sub-Saharan Africa bears a significant burden of oral health problems thus exerting additional pressure on the scarce human resources for health. Community healthcare workers (CHWs) could be potentially utilised to bridge the shortage of oral health professionals in sub-Saharan Africa, hence, this systematic review that seeks to explore their current roles in oral health and potential impact on general physical health. This review follows the PRISMA guidelines and databases searched include PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, and CINAHL published between January 2010 and December 2019. Nine studies met the study eligibility criteria. This review established that CHWs perform variable roles cutting across primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention including providing oral hygiene education, recognising common pathologies, and treating oral lesions, administration of tooth extractions, dental pain management, and referral for advanced care. Although this could potentially improve oral health, our review did not establish the extent of the specific impact on general physical health of patients and the burden of oral condition.

scholarly journals The Impact of the World Health Organization Essential Newborn Package on Newborn Care Practices and Survival Rates in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Andy Emmanuel ◽  
Victoria Kain ◽  
Elizabeth Forster
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Essential Newborn Care ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Sub-Saharan Africa, has the highest child mortality rate in the world (World Health Organization [WHO], 2016). However, there is a paucity of current systematic reviews on the impact of essential newborn care interventions in Africa. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence about the impact of essential newborn care interventions in Africa. Numerous databases were searched to retrieve articles that reported interventions in newborn care in Africa. The search was limited to the English language and to articles published between 2007 and 2017. Nine articles were selected for inclusion in this systematic review. Overall, these papers demonstrated an increase in performance of health workers (between 8 and 400%) following a test of knowledge, while health workers practical performance increased by 34%. Moreover, neonatal mortality was reduced by 45%, while perinatal mortality was reduced by 30%. Training healthcare workers is one of the most effective ways of improving newborn care and neonatal survival in Africa. However, there is a need for additional evidence to support this, because none of the reviewed studies assessed the impact of training by examining variables such as trainees' satisfaction with training, the knowledge and skills developed, and the health outcomes achieved.

scholarly journals Nutritional Perspectives On Sickle Cell Disease In Africa: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Berko Nartey ◽  
Jonathan Spector ◽  
Seth Adu-Afarwuah ◽  
Catherine L. Jones ◽  
Alan A. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder and mostly affects individuals living in sub-Saharan Africa. Whilst there is an established link between its pathophysiology and nutritional status, research in this area in Africa is limited and evidence-based nutritional guidelines lacking. This systematic review aimed to evaluate studies in sub-Saharan Africa focused on nutritional aspects of SCD, codify results, and highlight gaps in knowledge that could inform priority-setting for future research. Methods The study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We sought to include all studies involving original research of nutritional status of individuals (children and adults) with SCD in Africa. ‘Nutritional status’ was defined as topics related to dietary intake, measurements of growth or anthropometry, and nutritional-related biomarkers. Studies of anemia alone in non-SCD individuals were excluded as well as studies that assessed individuals with sickle cell trait (i.e., carriers). The databases used were Ovid Embase, Medline, Biosis and Web of Science. Studies conducted between 1995 and 2018 were included in the analyses. Results The search returned 366 articles from which 66 studies were included in the final analyses. Most investigations (70%) were conducted in Nigeria. Studies were categorized into one of three main categories: descriptive studies of anthropometric characteristics (47% of studies), descriptive studies of macro- or micronutrient levels (36% of studies), and interventional studies (14% of studies). There were fairly uniform findings that demonstrate that the growth of SCD patients in sub-Saharan Africa was impaired, especially in childhood and adolescence. Studies assessing macro- and micro-nutrients generally had small sample sizes and were exploratory in nature. Only two randomized, placebo-controlled trials were identified, which measured the impact of fatty acid supplementation and lime juice on health outcomes. Conclusions The findings of this review are consistent with data from other regional settings that describe a significant risk of malnutrition in individuals with SCD. There appears to be a substantial unmet need for clinical research to better understand the potential utility of nutritional-related interventions for patients with SCD in sub-Saharan Africa, to promote optimal growth and improve health outcomes.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of eHealth Interventions for HIV Prevention and Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa Manby ◽  
Catherine Aicken ◽  
Marine Delgrange ◽  
Julia V. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Management ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biological Outcomes

AbstractHIV is still the leading cause of death in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), despite medical advances. eHealth interventions are effective for HIV prevention and management, but it is unclear whether this can be generalised to resource-poor settings. This systematic review aimed to establish the effectiveness of eHealth interventions in SSA. Six electronic databases were screened to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2000 and 2020. Meta-analyses were performed, following Cochrane methodology, to assess the impact of eHealth interventions on HIV-related behaviours and biological outcomes. 25 RCTs were included in the review. Meta-analyses show that eHealth interventions significantly improved HIV management behaviours (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.05–1.40; Z = 2.67; p = 0.008), but not HIV prevention behaviours (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.78–1.34; Z = 0.17; p = 0.86) or biological outcomes (OR 1.17; 95% CI 0.89–1.54; Z = 1.10; p = 0.27) compared with minimal intervention control groups. It is a hugely important finding that eHealth interventions can improve HIV management behaviours as this is a low-cost way of improving HIV outcomes and reducing the spread of HIV in SSA. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020186025.

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