ABSTRACT
The Rayleigh waves generated by an explosion on or in the interior of a two-dimensional model show that the source acts as a downward impulse when the shot is on or just below the surface, and as a buried source of compression for deeper shots. The seismograms are in agreement with established theory for the line source on or in a half-space.
The source depth corresponding to the reversal of polarity of the Rayleigh wave is small, and appears to be equal to the radius of the zone of inelastic failure around the shot. The polarity reversal is a true indication of a change in the mechanism of Rayleigh wave generation, and is not related to the change from retrograde motion at the free surface to prograde motion in the interior associated with the change in sign of the radial component at depth.
abstract
The two-dimensional problems of the scattering of harmonic body waves and Rayleigh waves by topographic irregularities in the surface of a simplified model of the earth are considered with especial reference to the processes of P-R, SV-R and R-R scattering. The topography is assumed to have certain statistical properties; the scattered surface waves also have describable statistical properties. The results obtained show that the maximum scattered seismic noise is in the range of wavelengths of the order of the lateral dimensions of the topography. The process SV-R is maximized over a broader band of wavelengths than the process P-R and thus the former may be more difficult to remove by selective filtering. An investigation of the process R-R shows that backscattering is much more important than forward scattering and hence topography beyond the array must be taken into account.
The present investigation is devoted to the study of the propagation of Rayleigh waves in a homogeneous, transversely isotropic, thermoelastic diffusive half-space subjected to stress-free, thermally insulated and (or) isothermal, and chemical potential boundary conditions, in the context of the theory of coupled thermoelastic diffusion. Secular equations for surface-wave propagation in the media being considered are derived. The surface-particle paths during the motion are found to be elliptical, but degenerate into straight lines in case where there is no phase difference between the horizontal and vertical components of the surface displacements. The phase velocity; attenuation coefficient; specific loss of energy; and the amplitudes of surface displacements, temperature change, and concentration are computed numerically and presented graphically to depict the anisotropy and diffusion effects. Some special cases of frequency equations are also deduced from the present investigation. PACS Nos.: 62.20.–x, 62.20.D–, 62.20.de, 62.20.dj, 62.20.dq, 62.30.+d, 66.10.C–, 66.10.cd, 66.10.cg, 66.30.–h
Abstract
A theory is developed for the propagation of two-dimensional unattenuated waves in a system consisting of a liquid layer overlying an infinitely thick solid. Special attention is given to the interaction between the Stoneley type of wave and the Rayleigh wave. It is shown that the type of wave discussed corresponds to a dispersion branch for which the velocity varies continuously from a value lower than the velocity of sound in the liquid to that of the Rayleigh waves. The possible importance of this fact is pointed out in connection with the interpretation of the T phase of shallow-focus submarine earthquakes. The physical nature of these waves is illustrated by showing that they exist at the interface of a massless solid and an incompressible fluid.
Rayleigh waves in symmetry planes of crystals: explicit secular equations and some explicit wave speeds