scholarly journals Neutralizing inhibitors in the airways of naïve ferrets do not play a major role in modulating the virulence of H3 subtype influenza A viruses

Virology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 494 ◽  
pp. 143-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma R. Job ◽  
Angela Pizzolla ◽  
Thomas Nebl ◽  
Kirsty R. Short ◽  
Yi-Mo Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
H3 Subtype

scholarly journals The Role of Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Residues 226 and 228 in Receptor Specificity and Host Range Restriction

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 7626-7631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Vines ◽  
Krisna Wells ◽  
Mikhail Matrosovich ◽  
Maria R. Castrucci ◽  
Toshihiro Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Range Restriction ◽  
Human Virus ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
H3 Subtype ◽  
Host Range Restriction

ABSTRACT Influenza A viruses can be isolated from a variety of animals, but their range of hosts is restricted. For example, human influenza viruses do not replicate in duck intestine, the major replication site of avian viruses in ducks. Although amino acids at positions 226 and 228 of hemagglutinin (HA) of the H3 subtype are known to be important for this host range restriction, the contributions of specific amino acids at these positions to restriction were not known. Here, we address this issue by generating HAs with site-specific mutations of a human virus that contain different amino acid residues at these positions. We also let ducks select replication-competent viruses from a replication-incompetent virus containing a human virus HA by inoculating animals with 1010.5 50% egg infectious dose of the latter virus and identified a mutation in the HA. Our results showed that the Ser-to-Gly mutation at position 228, in addition to the Leu-to-Gln mutation at position 226 of the HA of the H3 subtype, is critical for human virus HA to support virus replication in duck intestine.

scholarly journals Gaps in Serologic Immunity against Contemporary Swine-Origin Influenza A Viruses among Healthy Individuals in the United States

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Joshua N. Lorbach ◽  
Theresa Fitzgerald ◽  
Carolyn Nolan ◽  
Jacqueline M. Nolting ◽  
John J. Treanor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Human Immunity ◽  
H3 Subtype ◽  
Domestic Swine

Influenza A Viruses (IAV) in domestic swine (IAV-S) are associated with sporadic zoonotic transmission at the human–animal interface. Previous pandemic IAVs originated from animals, which emphasizes the importance of characterizing human immunity against the increasingly diverse IAV-S. We analyzed serum samples from healthy human donors (n = 153) using hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) assay to assess existing serologic protection against a panel of contemporary IAV-S isolated from swine in the United States (n = 11). Age-specific seroprotection rates (SPR), which are the proportion of individuals with HAI ≥ 1:40, corresponded with lower or moderate pandemic risk classifications for the multiple IAV-S examined (one H1-δ1, one H1-δ2, three H3-IVA, one H3-IVB, one H3-IVF). Individuals born between 2004 and 2013 had SPRs of 0% for the five classified H3 subtype IAV-S, indicating youth may be particularly predisposed to infection with these viruses. Expansion of existing immunologic gaps over time could increase likelihood of future IAV-S spillover to humans and facilitate subsequent sustained human-to-human transmission resulting in disease outbreaks with pandemic potential.

Genetic and antigenic relatedness of H3 subtype influenza A viruses isolated from avian and mammalian species

Vaccine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 966-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Yassine ◽  
C.W. Lee ◽  
D.L. Suarez ◽  
Y.M. Saif
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Antigenic Relatedness ◽  
H3 Subtype

TMPRSS2 is essential for pathogenicity of H7N9 and H1N1 influenza A viruses in mice

Pneumologie ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Tarnow ◽  
G Engels ◽  
A Arendt ◽  
F Schwalm ◽  
H Sediri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Influenza A Viruses

Killing two birds with one stone – Prenylated flavonoids disrupt the lethal synergism of influenza A viruses and pneumococci

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381
Author(s):  
U Grienke ◽  
M Richter ◽  
E Walther ◽  
A Hoffmann ◽  
J Kirchmair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Prenylated Flavonoids
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