scholarly journals A method of monitoring the level of course-keeping controllability in heavy-duty and urban passenger vehicles and evaluating its influence on traffic safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kravchenko ◽  
Elena Oleshchenko ◽  
Viktor Gorshkov
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Passenger Vehicles

scholarly journals The analysis of the influence of stabilization conditions of working filters on the sample mass of diesel particulates

2012 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Andrey POLIVYANCHUK ◽  
Oleg IGNATOV
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Gravimetric Measurement ◽  
Sample Mass ◽  
Particulate Matter Emission ◽  
Passenger Vehicles

The paper presents the influence of the conditioning of filters used in the gravimetric measurement of particulate matter emission on the mass of the particles. The influence of the time of filter conditioning on the obtained results as well as the influence of the temperature of the sample before the filtering on the measurement uncertainty have been subjected to analysis. In the further part the influence of the ranges of temperatures of the filter conditioning on the mass of the PM sample have been determined as per the standardization for the tests of diesel engines fitted in passenger vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles and buses (regulation R-83 and R-49 respectively). In the final part recommendations have been formulated that allow a reduction of the measurement error.

scholarly journals Well-to-Wheel analysis of natural gas for hybrid electric truck application

2021 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
F. Zhang ◽  
W.B. Nader ◽  
A. Zoughaib ◽  
X. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Methane Leakage ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Co2 Equivalent ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Compressed natural gas as an alternative fuel obviously has a great potential to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. Although several studies on the life cycle are quite comprehensive for passenger vehicles, it is problematic to apply these results to heavy-duty electric hybrid trucks. This paper describes the Well-to-Wheel methodology for environmental impact from the gas production to its final application. The CO2 equivalent emissions and the methane leakage point will be identified at the end. The results indicate that compressed natural gas-based trucks have 18.7% less CO2 equivalent emissions than diesel-based ones. However, this benefit may be affected by methane leakage, particularly, in the recovery phase. Reducing methane emissions upstream could be an opportunity to optimize the pollution performance of heavy hybrid electric trucks.

Passenger Seat Belt Usage Rates on Shuttle Buses

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1674-1678
Author(s):  
Caroline Crump ◽  
Robyn Brinkerhoff ◽  
Douglas Young
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Seat Belts ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Passenger Seat ◽  
National Highway ◽  
Final Rule ◽  
Seat Belt Use

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recently published a final rule requiring lap/shoulder seat belts in all new large motorcoaches and buses manufactured on or after November 28, 2016 (NHTSA, 2013). Studies of vehicle belt use in passenger vehicles demonstrate that many factors other than availability influence whether a seat belt is used by an individual in a particular circumstance. The present observational study examined passenger seat belt use in airport shuttle buses traveling short distances over urban roads with frequent stops, in four U.S. cities. Seat belts were used very rarely when provided - only 1% (2 out of 156) of passengers buckled up. These findings are consistent with other studies of passenger seat belt use in motorcoach buses, and suggest that without concomitant legislation mandating and enforcing seat belt usage, the vast majority of bus passengers are unlikely to use seat belts even when provided.

Development of a new lumped-parameter model for vehicle side-impact safety simulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (10) ◽  
pp. 1793-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Deb ◽  
K C Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Lateral Impact ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Lumped Masses

The current paper describes a simple and yet comprehensive lumped-parameter model (LPM) for simulating the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) side-impact safety tests for passenger vehicles. The LPM includes new lumped masses, not previously reported in a single multibody model, for key vehicle side-structure systems identified with the help of an energy-based study conducted using explicit finite element analysis of two passenger vehicles. In addition to the vehicle side structure, lumped masses for the NHTSA side-impact barrier and ‘rest of vehicle’, the latter implying the mass of the vehicle minus the combined mass of the side-structure subsystems considered in the LPM, have been incorporated so that the total mass of the system corresponds to that of an actual vehicle—barrier system in a NHTSA side-impact test (Lateral Impact New Car Assessment Program (LINCAP) or FMVSS 214). The lumped masses are interconnected with elastic—plastic springs. A unique feature of the present model is the inclusion of two lumped side-impact dummies for obtaining predictions of the front and rear (thoracic trauma index (TTI)). The validity of the present LPM is established by performing LS-DYNA-based LINCAP simulations of two real-world vehicles, namely the Dodge Neon and Dodge Intrepid, and obtaining a reasonably good correlation of the computed structural and occupant responses as well as TTI (front and rear) with the corresponding test results reported by the NHTSA.

scholarly journals Powering the Future through Hydrogen and Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Ki Hong ◽  
Sae Hoon Kim ◽  
Chi Myung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicles

To date, the world has been making a massive shift away from fossil fuels towards cleaner energy sources. For the past decade, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) powered by hydrogen have attracted much attention as a promising candidate for eco-friendly vehicles, i.e. fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), owing to their high power density, high efficiency and zero emission features. Since the world’s first mass production of Tucson ix35 FCEV by Hyundai in 2013, global automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have focused on commercialising FCEVs. In 2018, Hyundai also unveiled the second generation of the mass-produced FCEV (i.e. Nexo) with improved performances and durability compared with its predecessor. Since then, the global market for PEMFCs for a variety of FCEV applications has been growing very rapidly in terms of both passenger vehicles and medium- and heavy-duty vehicles such as buses and trucks, which require much higher durability than passenger vehicles, i.e. 5000 h for passenger vehicles vs. 25,000 h for heavy-duty vehicles. In addition, PEMFCs are also in demand for other applications including fuel cell electric trains, trams, forklifts, power generators and vessels. We herein present recent advances in how hydrogen and PEMFCs will power the future in a wide range of applications and address key challenges to be resolved in the future.

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