Pulse Heat Stress and Parasitism in a Warming World

Danielle C. Claar; Chelsea L. Wood

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2020.04.002

Direct and Indirect Effects of Climate Change‐Amplified Pulse Heat Stress Events on Coral Reef Fish Communities

Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America ◽

10.1002/bes2.1706 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 101 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer M. T. Magel ◽

Sean A. Dimoff ◽

Julia K. Baum

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Coral Reef ◽

Reef Fish ◽

Coral Reef Fish ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Fish Communities ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Pulse Heat

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Poultry Response to Heat Stress: Its Physiological, Metabolic, and Genetic Implications on Meat Production and Quality Including Strategies to Improve Broiler Production in a Warming World

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.699081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Ali H. Nawaz ◽

Kwaku Amoah ◽

Qi Y. Leng ◽

Jia H. Zheng ◽

Wei L. Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Meat Production ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Poultry Industry ◽

Genetic Changes ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

Insulin Growth Factor ◽

Warming World

The continuous increase in poultry production over the last decades to meet the high growing demand and provide food security has attracted much concern due to the recent negative impacts of the most challenging environmental stressor, heat stress (HS), on birds. The poultry industry has responded by adopting different environmental strategies such as the use of environmentally controlled sheds and modern ventilation systems. However, such strategies are not long-term solutions and it cost so much for farmers to practice. The detrimental effects of HS include the reduction in growth, deterioration of meat quality as it reduces water-holding capacity, pH and increases drip loss in meat consequently changing the normal color, taste and texture of chicken meat. HS causes poor meat quality by impairing protein synthesis and augmenting undesirable fat in meat. Studies previously conducted show that HS negatively affects the skeletal muscle growth and development by changing its effects on myogenic regulatory factors, insulin growth factor-1, and heat-shock proteins. The focus of this article is in 3-fold: (1) to identify the mechanism of heat stress that causes meat production and quality loss in chicken; (2) to discuss the physiological, metabolic and genetic changes triggered by HS causing setback to the world poultry industry; (3) to identify the research gaps to be addressed in future studies.

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UPDATE: Establishing a Heat Stress Indicator for work in a warming world

10.37766/inplasy2020.10.0009 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Leonidas Ioannou ◽

Konstantinos Mantzios ◽

Andreas Flouris

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Stress Indicator ◽

Warming World

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Effects Of Acclimation, Population, And Sex On Behavioral Thermoregulation, CTMax, Symptoms Of Heat Stress, And Gene Expression of Melanoplus Differentialis, A Generalist Grasshopper - Does Temporal Thermal Heterogeneity Prepare Populations For A Warming World?

10.21203/rs.3.rs-548239/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Devin Preston ◽

Steven G Johnson

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Thermal Fluctuation ◽

Temperature Tolerance ◽

Optimal Combination ◽

Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽

Melanoplus Differentialis ◽

Thermal Heterogeneity ◽

Warming World

Abstract Insects thermoregulate using both canalized and plastic mechanisms. Populations of insects utilize these mechanisms to different extents, and while it is posited that the degree of thermal fluctuation a population experiences can determine the optimal combination of mechanisms to utilize, this is still being elucidated. We used three populations of the generalist grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis (Thomas, 1856), from sites experiencing different degrees of thermal heterogeneity to test for correlations between thermal heterogeneity and 1) behavioral thermoregulation, 2) upper temperature tolerance, 3) the ability to thermally acclimate, and 4) gene expression. We found that 1) behavioral thermoregulation did not differ among sites, 2) CTMax of males, but not females, was higher at more thermally heterogeneous sites, 3) there was acclimation in some of the tested traits, but thermally heterogeneous sites did not always have the most plastic individuals, and 4) there were differences in gene expression among sites, but these differences were not between the most and least thermally heterogeneous sites. We concluded that thermal heterogeneity may play a selective role in some, but not all, of the measured thermoregulatory traits and their plasticity.

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Parenting in a warming world: thermoregulatory responses to heat stress in an endangered seabird

Conservation Physiology ◽

10.1093/conphys/coz109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Timothée R Cook ◽

Rowan Martin ◽

Jennifer Roberts ◽

Henry Häkkinen ◽

Philna Botha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Heat Waves ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Evaporative Heat Loss ◽

Trade Off ◽

Thermoregulatory Responses ◽

High Solar Radiation ◽

Warming World

Abstract The frequency of extreme weather events, including heat waves, is increasing with climate change. The thermoregulatory demands resulting from hotter weather can have catastrophic impacts on animals, leading to mass mortalities. Although less dramatic, animals also experience physiological costs below, but approaching, critical temperature thresholds. These costs may be particularly constraining during reproduction, when parents must balance thermoregulation against breeding activities. Such challenges should be acute among seabirds, which often nest in locations exposed to high solar radiation and predation risk. The globally endangered bank cormorant Phalacrocorax neglectus breeds in southern Africa in the winter, giving little scope for poleward or phenological shifts in the face of increasing temperatures. Physiological studies of endangered species sensitive to human disturbance, like the bank cormorant, are challenging, because individuals cannot be captured for experimental research. Using a novel, non-invasive, videographic approach, we investigated the thermoregulatory responses of this seabird across a range of environmental temperatures at three nesting colonies. The time birds spent gular fluttering, a behaviour enhancing evaporative heat loss, increased with temperature. Crouching or standing birds spent considerably less time gular fluttering than birds sitting on nests (ca 30% less at 22°C), showing that postural adjustments mediate exposure to heat stress and enhance water conservation. Crouching or standing, however, increases the vulnerability of eggs and chicks to suboptimal temperatures and/or expose nest contents to predation, suggesting that parents may trade-off thermoregulatory demands against offspring survival. We modelled thermoregulatory responses under future climate scenarios and found that nest-bound bank cormorants will gular flutter almost continuously for several hours a day by 2100. The associated increase in water loss may lead to dehydration, forcing birds to prioritize survival over breeding, a trade-off that would ultimately deteriorate the conservation status of this species.

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