The Components and Spatiotemporal Dimension of Carrion Biomass Quantification

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Moleón ◽  
Nuria Selva ◽  
José A. Sánchez-Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Quantification

scholarly journals Prebiotic Combinations Effects on the Colonization of Staphylococcal Skin Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Silvia Di Lodovico ◽  
Franco Gasparri ◽  
Emanuela Di Campli ◽  
Paola Di Fermo ◽  
Simonetta D’Ercole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Relevant Effect ◽  
Planktonic Phase ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Biomass Quantification ◽  
General Reduction

Background: An unbalanced skin microbiota due to an increase in pathogenic vs. commensal bacteria can be efficiently tackled by using prebiotics. The aim of this work was to identify novel prebiotic combinations by exerting species-specific action between S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains. Methods: First, the antimicrobial/antibiofilm effect of Xylitol-XYL and Galacto-OligoSaccharides–GOS combined with each other at different concentrations (1, 2.5, 5%) against S. aureus and S. epidermidis clinical strains was evaluated in time. Second, the most species-specific concentration was used to combine XYL with Fructo-OligoSaccharides–FOS, IsoMalto-Oligosaccharides–IMO, ArabinoGaLactan–LAG, inulin, dextran. Experiments were performed by OD600 detection, biomass quantification and LIVE/DEAD staining. Results: 1% XYL + 1% GOS showed the best species-specific action with an immediate antibacterial/antibiofilm action against S. aureus strains (up to 34.54% ± 5.35/64.68% ± 4.77) without a relevant effect on S. epidermidis. Among the other prebiotic formulations, 1% XYL plus 1% FOS (up to 49.17% ± 21.46/37.59% ± 6.34) or 1% IMO (up to 41.28% ± 4.88/36.70% ± 10.03) or 1% LAG (up to 38.21% ± 5.31/83.06% ± 5.11) showed antimicrobial/antibiofilm effects similar to 1% XYL+1% GOS. For all tested formulations, a prevalent bacteriostatic effect in the planktonic phase and a general reduction of S. aureus biofilm formation without loss of viability were recorded. Conclusion: The combinations of 1% XYL with 1% GOS or 1% FOS or 1% IMO or 1% LAG may help to control the balance of skin microbiota, representing good candidates for topic formulations.

Aboveground biomass quantification and tree-level prediction models for the Brazilian subtropical Atlantic Forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heitor Felippe Uller ◽  
Laio Zimermann Oliveira ◽  
Aline Renata Klitzke ◽  
Jackson Roberto Eleotério ◽  
Alfredo Celso Fantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Biomass Quantification

Early stage sugarcane biomass accumulation prediction by proximal sensing and crop parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-219
Author(s):  
M. G. Rocha ◽  
L. R. Amaral ◽  
C. F. M. Dencowski
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Proximal Sensing ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Stalk Yield ◽  
Crop Parameters ◽  
Biomass Quantification ◽  
Biomass Variability

Due to the lack of reliable yield monitor for sugarcane, production factors which impact and limit stalk yield within fields are not well-known. Thus, this study aims to evaluate whether canopy sensor technology is able to identify sugarcane biomass variability and whether obtaining other agronomic variable data can assist on biomass quantification. For that, forty targeted plots were allocated within two sugarcane-producing fields and data consisted on manual biometric evaluation, aboveground biomass measurement and canopy reflectance. As an ongoing experiment, only two evaluations were addressed (~0.3 and 0.5 m stalk height). On the earliest stage, canopy sensor readings were correlated to sugarcane biomass and their sensitivity to biomass variability was high. Further, data collected on the first evaluation was efficient in predicting biomass amount after 30 days. On the second, canopy sensor readings effectiveness to predict biomass was reduced. These findings suggest that crop canopy reflectance sensing is a useful approach to investigate sugarcane biomass spatial-variability within fields on early stages.

scholarly journals Phytochrome light receptors control metabolic flux, and their action during seedling development sets the trajectory for biomass production

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Krahmer ◽  
Ammad Abbas ◽  
Virginie Mengin ◽  
Hirofumi Ishihara ◽  
Thiago A Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Stress Metabolites ◽  
Biomass Quantification

AbstractThe phytochromes (phys) photoreceptors are known to be major regulators of plastic growth responses to vegetation shade. Recent reports have begun to uncover an important role for phys in carbon resource management. Our earlier work showed that phy mutants had a distinct metabolic profile with elevated levels of metabolites including TCA intermediates, amino acids and sugars. Here we show that in seedlings phy regulates the balance between glucose and starch. Multi-allele phy mutants have excess glucose and low starch levels, which is conducive to hypocotyl elongation. 13C-CO2 labelling demonstrates that metabolic flux balance in adult plants is markedly altered in phy mutants. Phytochrome reduces synthesis rates of stress metabolites, including raffinose and proline and several typical stress-induced biosynthetic genes related to these metabolites show higher expression in phy mutants.Since growth and metabolism are typically inter-connected, we investigated why phy mutants have severely reduced biomass. Quantification of carbon fixation, biomass accumulation, and 13C labelling of cell wall polysaccharides established that relative growth rate is impaired in multi allele phy mutants for the first 2.5 weeks after germination but equivalent to the WT thereafter. Mathematical modelling predicts that the altered growth dynamics and final biomass deficit can be explained by the smaller cotyledon size of the multiple phy mutants. This indicates that the established role of phy in promoting seedling establishment has enduring effects that govern adult plant biomass.

scholarly journals BIOMASS AND NUTRIENTS REMOVAL IN PURE AND MIXED POPULATIONS OF Pinus sp. IN SOUTHWEST BAHIA - BRAZIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Vanessa De Souza Gomes ◽  
Patrícia Anjos Bittencourt Barreto-Garcia ◽  
Adalberto Brito Novaes ◽  
Rafael Nogueira Scoriza ◽  
Mariana Dos Santos Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Nutrients Removal ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Mixed Plantations ◽  
Southwest Region ◽  
Mixed Populations ◽  
Biomass Quantification

The magnitude of export of nutrients with forest harvest depends on the adopted waste management and, above all, on the distribution of biomass and nutrients in the trees, which is conditioned by the genetic potential and the species composition of forest stand.  The objective of this study was to quantify the biomass and nutrients of the trees and evaluate the effect of the management of harvest residues on the removal of nutrients from pure and mixed plantations of Pinus sp.. The study areas are located in the Southwest region of Bahia State, Brazil. Twenty trees per species were selected and felled under both planting conditions. The biomass quantification was performed by the destructive method. Samples of the tree components were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents. The total biomass was 75 Mg ha-1 for pure planting, and 81 Mg ha-1 for mixed planting, with wood and bark as the most representative compartments. Removal of the wood with bark led to too much nutrient removal, reaching a further 50% of the total contained in the biomass. Mixed planting has been shown more prone to export P, K and Mg. For both plantations, 64% of the N, P, K, Ca and Mg are in other components of the aerial part of the tree, and not in the wood. The elements that represent the highest risk for maintaining productivity are Ca and Mg.

scholarly journals Relevance of wood anatomy and size of Amazonian trees in the determination and allometry of sapwood area

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Maria Teophilo APARECIDO ◽  
Joaquim dos SANTOS ◽  
Niro HIGUCHI ◽  
Norbert KUNERT
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Plant Hydraulics ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Biomass Quantification ◽  
Amazonian Trees

ABSTRACT Hydrological processes in forest stands are mainly influenced by tree species composition and morpho-physiological characteristics. Few studies on anatomical patterns that govern plant hydraulics were conducted in tropical forest ecosystems. Thus, we used dye immersion to analyze sapwood area patterns of 34 trees belonging to 26 species from a terra firme forest in the central Brazilian Amazon. The sapwood area was related with wood anatomy and tree size parameters (diameter-at-breast-height - DBH, total height and estimated whole-tree volume). Exponential allometric equations were used to model sapwood area using the biometrical variables measured. Sapwood area traits (cross-section non-uniformity and heartwood visibility) varied significantly among and within species even though all were classified as diffuse porous. DBH was strongly and non-linearly correlated with sapwood area (R 2 = 0.46, P < 0.001), while no correlation was observed with vessel-lumen diameter (P = 0.94) and frequency (P = 0.58). Sapwood area and shape were also affected by the occurrence of vessel obstruction (i.e., tyloses), hollow stems and diseases. Our results suggest that sapwood area patterns and correlated variables are driven by intrinsic species characteristics, microclimate and ecological succession within the stand. We believe that individual tree sapwood characteristics have strong implications over water use, hydrological stand upsaling and biomass quantification. These characteristics should be taken into account (e.g., through a multi-point sampling approach) when estimating forest stand transpiration in a highly biodiverse ecosystem.

scholarly journals Monitoring biofilm formation and activity in drinking water distribution networks under oligotrophic conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Boe-Hansen ◽  
A.C. Martiny ◽  
E. Arvin ◽  
H.-J. Albrechtsen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
In Series ◽  
Biomass Quantification

In this study, the construction a model distribution system suitable for studies of attached and suspended microbial activity in drinking water under controlled circumstances is outlined. The model system consisted of two loops connected in series with a total of 140 biofilm sampling points. The biofilm from the system was studied using 11 different microbial methods and the results were compared and discussed. The methods were used for biomass quantification (AODC, HPC and ATP determination), visualisation of structure (CLSM), activity measurement (leucine incorporation, AOC removal rate, respiration of benzoic acid, CTC and live/dead stains), and microbial diversity profiling (clone libraries and DGGE).

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