The contribution of road traffic to particulate matter and metals in air pollution in the vicinity of an urban road

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 397-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Jandacka ◽  
Daniela Durcanska ◽  
Marek Bujdos
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Urban Road

scholarly journals Near-Road Traffic-Related Air Pollution: Resuspended PM2.5 from Highways and Arterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashem Askariyeh ◽  
Madhusudhan Venugopal ◽  
Haneen Khreis ◽  
Andrew Birt ◽  
Josias Zietsman
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Dispersion Modeling ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Transportation Sector

Recent studies suggest that the transportation sector is a major contributor to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in urban areas. A growing body of literature indicates PM2.5 exposure can lead to adverse health effects, and that PM2.5 concentrations are often elevated close to roadways. The transportation sector produces PM2.5 emissions from combustion, brake wear, tire wear, and resuspended dust. Traffic-related resuspended dust is particulate matter, previously deposited on the surface of roadways that becomes resuspended into the air by the movement of traffic. The objective of this study was to use regulatory guidelines to model the contribution of resuspended dust to near-road traffic-related PM2.5 concentrations. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines for quantitative hotspot analysis were used to predict traffic-related PM2.5 concentrations for a small network in Dallas, Texas. Results show that the inclusion of resuspended dust in the emission and dispersion modeling chain increases prediction of near-road PM2.5 concentrations by up to 74%. The results also suggest elevated PM2.5 concentrations near arterial roads. Our results are discussed in the context of human exposure to traffic-related air pollution.

scholarly journals Air Pollution, Noise, Blue Space, and Green Space and Premature Mortality in Barcelona: A Mega Cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen ◽  
Mireia Gascon ◽  
David Martinez ◽  
Anna Ponjoan ◽  
Jordi Blanch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Census Tract Level ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Introduction: Cities often experience high air pollution and noise levels and lack of natural outdoor environments, which may be detrimental to health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of air pollution, noise, and blue and green space on premature all-cause mortality in Barcelona using a mega cohort approach. Methods: Both men and women of 18 years and above registered on 1 January 2010 by the Sistema d’Informació pel Desenvolupament de la Investigació en Atenció Primària (SIDIAP) and living in the city of Barcelona were included in the cohort and followed up until 31 December 2014 or until death (n = 2,939,067 person years). The exposure assessment was conducted at the census tract level (n = 1061). We assigned exposure to long term ambient levels of nitrogen dioxides (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), between 2.5 µm and 10 µm (PM2.5–10, i.e., coarse particulate matter), less than 10 µm (PM10) and PM2.5 light absorption (hereafter referred to as PM2.5 absorbance) based on land use regressions models. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was assigned based on remote sensing data, percentage green space and blue space were calculated based on land use maps and modelled road traffic noise was available through the strategic noise map for Barcelona. Results: In this large prospective study (n = 792,649) in an urban area, we found a decreased risk of all-cause mortality with an increase in green space measured as NDVI (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.92, 95% CI 0.89–0.97 per 0.1) and increased risks of mortality with an increase in exposure to blue space (HR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.06 per 1%), NO2 (HR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.02 per 5 ug/m3) but no risk with noise (HR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.98–1.02 per 5 dB(A)). The increased risks appeared to be more pronounced in the more deprived areas. Results for NDVI, and to a lesser extent NO2, remained most consistent after mutual adjustment for other exposures. The NDVI estimate was a little attenuated when NO2 was included in the model. The study had some limitations including e.g., the assessment of air pollution, noise, green space and socioeconomic status (SES) on census tract level rather than individual level and residual confounding. Conclusion: This large study provides new insights on the relationship between green and blue space, noise and air pollution and premature all-cause mortality.

scholarly journals Long‐Term Exposure to Air Pollution, Road Traffic Noise, and Heart Failure Incidence: The Danish Nurse Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn‐Hee Lim ◽  
Jeanette T. Jørgensen ◽  
Rina So ◽  
Tom Cole‐Hunter ◽  
Amar J. Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Using Data

Background We examined the association of long‐term exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise with incident heart failure (HF). Methods And Results Using data on female nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort (aged >44 years), we investigated associations between 3‐year mean exposures to air pollution and road traffic noise and incident HF using Cox regression models, adjusting for relevant confounders. Incidence of HF was defined as the first hospital contact (inpatient, outpatient, or emergency) between cohort baseline (1993 or 1999) and December 31, 2014, based on the Danish National Patient Register. Annual mean levels of particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 µm since 1990 and NO 2 and road traffic noise since 1970 were estimated at participants' residences. Of the 22 189 nurses, 484 developed HF. We detected associations with all 3 pollutants, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.17 (95% CI, 1.01–1.36), 1.10 (95% CI, 0.99–1.22), and 1.12 (95% CI, 0.99–1.26) per increase of 5.1 µg/m 3 in particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 µm, 8.6 µg/m 3 in NO 2 , and 9.3 dB in road traffic noise, respectively. We observed an enhanced risk of HF incidence for those exposed to high levels of the 3 pollutants; however, the effect modification of coexposure was not statistically significant. Former smokers and nurses with hypertension showed the strongest associations with particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 µm ( P effect modification <0.05). Conclusions We found that long‐term exposures to air pollution and road traffic noise were independently associated with HF.

AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10 AND PM2.5) AIR POLLUTION IN DESNIANSKY DISTRICT IN KYIV

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (67) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
O. Turos ◽  
◽  
T. Maremukha ◽  
I. Kobzarenko ◽  
A. Petrosian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5

Positive Aspects of COVID 19 Pandemic: A Blessing in Disguis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
Anjankar Ashish P ◽  
Anjankar Vaibhav P ◽  
Anjankar Anil J ◽  
Kanyal Lata
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
The World

COVID 19 is undeniably one of the deadliest diseases that humanity has ever seen. It continues to affect the lives and livelihood of people appallingly across the world. Maximum discussions focus towards the apprehension of catching the infection, dwelling in homes, overpopulated nursing homes and shut down of all kinds. But, here let’s discuss the positive side of COVID 19 pandemic.As COVID 19 has spread its influence all over the world, affected countries have either announced lockdown or have implemented severe restrictions in their respective countries. Because of this, everyone dwells in their homes. Thus, exercising social distancing and functioning from home. All of the above is directed at restricting the transmission of coronavirus and expectantly ostracising the fatality from COVID 19. These transformations have also brought about some unanticipated emanations; some good things have come out of the pandemic as well. Positive effects of COVID 19 are seen on reduced road traffic, and road traffic accidents lowered levels of air pollution which has to lead to lowered heart attack rates and rejuvenating environment. Crime rates have fallen, and expenses are reduced in most places. Community action, communication amongst families, behaviour, sanitation, hygiene, online and distance education has positively impacted by COVID 19 pandemic. COVID 19 despite a bane for humans, can be thought of a boon for living beings. The habitats and elements have been purified with the stringent use of petrochemical products. To breathe fresh air and to consume purified water is a boon by itself. Now, it is time for humans to lead a caring life to every bounty bestowed on them by Nature. This thoughtful and considerate life will give hope for a healthy, stress-free life.

Vicious Cycle of Economic Growth, Pm2.5 and COVID-19 Case of G7 Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rıdvan Karacan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
G7 Countries

<p>Today, production is carried out depending on fossil fuels. Fossil fuels pollute the air as they contain high levels of carbon. Many studies have been carried out on the economic costs of air pollution. However, in the present study, unlike the former ones, economic growth's relationship with the COVID-19 virus in addition to air pollution was examined. The COVID-19 virus, which was initially reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and affected the whole world, has caused many cases and deaths. Researchers have been going on studying how the virus is transmitted. Some of these studies suggest that the number of virus-related cases increases in regions with a high level of air pollution. Based on this fact, it is thought that air pollution will increase the number of COVID-19 cases in G7 Countries where industrial production is widespread. Therefore, the negative aspects of economic growth, which currently depends on fossil fuels, is tried to be revealed. The research was carried out for the period between 2000-2019. Panel cointegration test and panel causality analysis were used for the empirical analysis. Particulate matter known as PM2.5[1] was used as an indicator of air pollution. Consequently, a positive long-term relationship has been identified between PM2.5 and economic growth. This relationship also affects the number of COVID-19 cases.</p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p>[1] "Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an air pollutant that poses the greatest risk to health globally, affecting more people than any other pollutant (WHO, 2018). Chronic exposure to PM2.5 considerably increases the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in particular (WHO, 2018). For these reasons, population exposure to (outdoor or ambient) PM2.5 has been identified as an OECD Green Growth headline indicator" (OECD.Stat).</p>

Influence ranking of road segments in urban road traffic networks

Computing ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 2333-2360
Author(s):  
Tarique Anwar ◽  
Chengfei Liu ◽  
Hai L. Vu ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Dongjin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Networks ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Road Segments ◽  
Road Traffic Networks
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