Fast computing and approximate fuel consumption modeling for Internal Combustion Engine passenger cars

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Orfila ◽  
C. Freitas Salgueiredo ◽  
G. Saint Pierre ◽  
H. Sun ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Passenger Cars

scholarly journals Highest efficiency and ultra low emission – internal combustion engine 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Hubert FRIEDL ◽  
Günter Fraidl ◽  
Paul Kapus
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
And Performance

In the future, the simultaneous reduction of pollutant and CO2 emissions will require significantly enhanced powertrain functionalities that cannot only be adequately represented by the ICE (internal combustion engine) alone. Both automated transmissions and especially powertrain electrification can help to meet efficiently those extended requirements. The extended functionalities are no longer applied exclusively with the ICE itself ("Fully Flexible Internal Combustion Engine"), but distributed across the entire powertrain ("Fully Flexible Powertrain"). In addition, the powertrain will be fully networked with the vehicle environment and thus will utilize all data that are useful for emission and consumption-optimized operation of the ICE. Combustion engine and electrification often complement each other in a synergetic way. This makes it extremely sensible for the combustion engine to evolve in future from a "single fighter" to a "team player". If one compares the requirements of such an ICE with the definition of Industry 4.0, then there are extensive correspondences. Thus, it seems quite opportune to call such a fully networked combustion engine designed to meet future needs as “Internal Combustion Engine 4.0 (ICE 4.0)”. This even more so, as such a name can also be derived from the history: e.g. ICE 1.0 describes the combustion engines of the first mass-produced vehicles, ICE 2.0 the combustion engines emission-optimized since the 1960s and ICE 3.0 the highly optimized "Fully Flexible Combustion Engine", which currently offers a high torque and performance potential combined with low fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. In addition to further improvements in fuel consumption, the "Combustion Engine 4.0" offers such a low level of pollutant emissions that can best be described as "Zero Impact Emission". This means that such future ICE´s will no longer have a negative impact on the imission situation in urban areas. With the e-fuels topic, the ICE also has the potential to become both CO2- and pollutant-neutral in the medium and long term. This means that the ICE – also in passenger cars – will continue to be an essential and necessary cornerstone for future powertrain portfolios for the next decades.

scholarly journals Results of engine tests of an experimental gasoline internal combustion engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00078
Author(s):  
Dmitry Maryin ◽  
Andrei Glushchenko ◽  
Anton Khokhlov ◽  
Evgeny Proshkin ◽  
Rail Mustyakimov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Microarc Oxidation ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Oxidation Method ◽  
Piston Head ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Insulating Properties

To improve the power and fuel and economic performance of a gasoline internal combustion engine, it has been proposed to improve the insulating properties of the piston by forming a heat-insulating coating on the working surfaces of the piston head with a thickness of 25...30 μm using the microarc oxidation method. Comparative results of engine tests are carried out, which showed that an engine equipped with pistons with a heat-insulating coating on the working surfaces of the head increases power by 5.3 % and reduces hourly fuel consumption by 5.7 % compared to an engine equipped with standard pistons.

scholarly journals Multidimensional assessment of passenger cars: Comparison of electric vehicles with internal combustion engine vehicles

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
Dennis Wilken ◽  
Matthias Oswald ◽  
Patrick Draheim ◽  
Christian Pade ◽  
Urte Brand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Multidimensional Assessment

Hydrogen as an Alternative: Life Cycle Cost Analysis between Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine (Al+Hci) and Gasoline Engine Based on Brake Specific Fuel Consumption

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 423-427
Author(s):  
Halim Razali ◽  
Kamaruzzaman Sopian ◽  
Ali Sohif Mat
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
The Cost

Estimation of the life cycle cost (LCC) for a hydrogen internal combustion engine (H2ICE) that uses hydrogen as an alternative fuel by forecasting a financial investment plan for a period of five years (n = 5). This is influenced by the interest rate of 10% (i = 10). The effect of Annual Operating Cost and salvage value in the LCC for H2ICE would give impact on the cost of investment and economic growth in the long term. The result shows the brake specific fuel consumption to achieve 14% savings for grams per kilowatt hour for the engine (G + H2) compared to the engine (G). The operation of H2ICE in the first year would be increased by 22%, the reason is due to the cost of equipment, maintenance and purchase of new components. However, the percentage of operation cost for the following five to ten year of Present worth (PW) is reduced to 0.36% in the fourth year (n = 4) within the interest rate of 10%. The return of initial investment in the capital-first cost (FC) is to occur at the beginning of the fifth year (n = 5) of H2ICE operations. The cost of savings for the next five years would become more profitable reaching 37% reduction in cost compared to conventional fuel consumption

scholarly journals Optimal Degree of Hybridization for Spark-Ignited Engines with Optional Variable Valve Timings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8151
Author(s):  
Andyn Omanovic ◽  
Norbert Zsiga ◽  
Patrik Soltic ◽  
Christopher Onder
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Valve Train ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Optimal Degree ◽  
Variable Valve Train ◽  
Variable Valve

The electric hybridization of vehicles with an internal combustion engine is an effective measure to reduce CO2 emissions. However, the identification of the dimension and the sufficient complexity of the powertrain parts such as the engine, electric machine, and battery is not trivial. This paper investigates the influence of the technological advancement of an internal combustion engine and the sizing of all propulsion components on the optimal degree of hybridization and the corresponding fuel consumption reduction. Thus, a turbocharged and a naturally aspirated engine are both modeled with the additional option of either a fixed camshaft or a fully variable valve train. All models are based on data obtained from measurements on engine test benches. We apply dynamic programming to find the globally optimal operating strategy for the driving cycle chosen. Depending on the engine type, a reduction in fuel consumption by up to 32% is achieved with a degree of hybridization of 45%. Depending on the degree of hybridization, a fully variable valve train reduces the fuel consumption additionally by up to 9% and advances the optimal degree of hybridization to 50%. Furthermore, a sufficiently high degree of hybridization renders the gearbox obsolete, which permits simpler vehicle concepts to be derived. A degree of hybridization of 65% is found to be fuel optimal for a vehicle with a fixed transmission ratio. Its fuel economy diverges less than 4% from the optimal fuel economy of a hybrid electric vehicle equipped with a gearbox.

scholarly journals Medium-Energy Synthesis Gases from Waste as an Energy Source for an Internal Combustion Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Andrej Chríbik ◽  
Marián Polóni ◽  
Ľuboš Magdolen ◽  
Matej Minárik
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Medium Energy ◽  
Gasification Process

The aim of the presented article is to analyse the influence of synthesis gas composition on the power, economic, and internal parameters of an atmospheric two-cylinder spark-ignition internal combustion engine (displacement of 686 cm3) designed for a micro-cogeneration unit. Synthesis gases produced mainly from waste contain combustible components as their basic material (methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide), as well as inert gases (carbon dioxide and nitrogen). A total of twelve synthesis gases were analysed that fall into the category of medium-energy gases with lower heating value in the range from 8 to 12 MJ/kg. All of the resulting parameters from the operation of the combustion engine powered by synthesis gases were compared with the reference fuel methane. The results show a decrease in the performance parameters for all operating loads and an increase in hourly fuel consumption. Specifically, for the operating speed of the micro-cogeneration unit (1500 L/min), the decrease in power parameters was in the range of 7.1–23.5%; however, the increase in hourly fuel consumption was higher by 270% to 420%. The decrease in effective efficiency ranged from 0.4 to 4.6%, which in percentage terms represented a decrease from 1.3% to 14.5%. The process of fuel combustion was most strongly influenced by the proportion of hydrogen and inert gases in the mixture. It can be concluded that setting up the synthesis gas production in the waste gasification process in order to achieve optimum performance and economic parameters of the combustion engine for a micro cogeneration unit has an influential role and is of crucial importance.

scholarly journals Model-based estimation of light-duty vehicle fuel economy at high altitude

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 168781401988625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Hao ◽  
Chunjie Wang ◽  
Hang Yin ◽  
Chunxiao Hao ◽  
Haohao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle

In order to estimate the light-duty vehicle fuel economy at high-altitude areas, the coast-down tests of a passenger car on level road were conducted at different elevations, and the coast-down resistance coefficients were calculated. Furthermore, a fuel economy model for a light-duty vehicle adopting backward simulation method was developed, and it mainly consists of vehicle dynamic model, internal combustion engine model, transmission model, and differential model. The internal combustion engine model consists of the brake-specific fuel consumption maps as functions of engine torque and engine speed, and the brake-specific fuel consumption map near sea level was constructed based on engine experimental data, and the brake-specific fuel consumption maps at high altitudes were calculated by GT-Power Modeling of the internal combustion engine. The fuel consumption rate was calculated from the brake-specific fuel consumption maps and brake power and used to calculate the fuel economy of the light-duty vehicle. The model predicted fuel consumption data met well with the test results, and the model prediction errors are within 5%.

The Application of Aluminum and Hydrochloric Acid to Produce Hydrogen for Internal Combustion Engine via Hydrogen Mixture with Gasoline Based on Specific Fuel Consumption

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 1804-1811
Author(s):  
Halim Razali ◽  
Kamaruzzaman Sopian ◽  
Sohif Mat
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Combustion Performance ◽  
Average Value

Combustion performance from the use of hydrogen generated through chemical activity between aluminum and hydrochloric acid that can be applied as an alternative fuel source for internal combustion engine needs is the aim of this paper. Applications of a mixture of hydrogen with petrol can be used to increase the combustion performance especially on the effect of sfc. Sfc is the parameter used in stoichiometric ratio for the combustion process. The methodology includes the production process of hydrogen, interpretation of reaction rates and the effect on specific fuel consumption (sfc) for internal combustion engine. This results showed 0.7412 mole of hydrogen can be generated through the chemical reaction between 20 grams of aluminium with 250 ml of hydrochloric acid or 1 kg of aluminium can produce 37.06 moles which is equivalent to 108 grams hydrogen. Fuel economy of each load test was 6.5% (L0), 18.5% (L1) and 30% (L2) in grams per kilowatt hour. The rate used in each test load was 100 g/kWh (L0), 80.77 g/kWh (L1), and 112 g/kWh (L2) compared to petrol of 107 g/kWh (L0), 99.23 g/kWh (L1) and 162 g/kWh (L2). Results from the combustion of petrol, air and hydrogen in proportion of 100 g/kWh, 80.77 g/kWh and 112 g/kWh was able to improve the quality of combustion compared to the normal fuel consumption. The total use of sfc achieved 20.3% savings in grams per kilowatt hour for the engine (G + H2) with an average value of 98 g/kWh compared to the engine (G) with an average value of 123 g/kWh.

Carbon Dioxide Potential Reduction Using Start-Stop System in a Car

2013 ◽  
Vol 597 ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Kropiwnicki ◽  
Zbigniew Kneba
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Potential Reduction

Operating fuel consumption increases significantly when the vehicle stops frequently while driving or when the engine is idling during braking. In such cases, the internal combustion engine consumes the fuel but the mechanical energy is not used by the drive system. The amount of fuel that is consumed in this time by the engine can potentially be saved if the car is equipped with a Stop-Start system. Start-Stop system automatically shuts down and restarts the internal combustion engine due to strategy used by controller reducing this way toxic compounds emissions in exhaust gasses and the fuel consumption, which is directly connected to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The paper presents an analysis of the potential reduction in CO2 emissions for selected vehicles with Start-Stop system during operation in selected urban agglomeration using different strategies to control this system. The study was carried out using numerical models of propulsion systems. The results were compared with the statistical data derived from regular use of vehicles equipped with such a system.

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