Roadway determinants of bicyclist exposure to volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Y. Bigazzi ◽  
Miguel A. Figliozzi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic

Effects of volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide mixtures on learning and memory, oxidative stress, and monoamine neurotransmitters in the brains of mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Wang ◽  
Zheng Fangfang ◽  
Xiangmeng Guo ◽  
Wanguang Chen ◽  
Weiyun Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Monoamine Neurotransmitters ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Exposure Experiment

In this study, we investigated the effect of inhaled mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbon monoxide (CO) on neuroethology. Fifty 6-week-old male Kunming mice were exposed in five similar static chambers; zero (control) and four different doses of VOC and CO mixtures (G1–G4) for 10 consecutive days and 2 h/day. The compounds and concentrations were as follows: formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, and CO as 0.10 + 0.11 + 0.20 + 0.20 + 10.00 mg/m3, 0.20 + 0.22 + 0.40 + 0.40 + 20.00 mg/m3, 1.00 + 1.10 + 2.00 + 2.00 + 100.00 mg/m3, and 5.00 + 5.50 + 10.00 + 10.00 + 500.00 mg/m3, respectively, which corresponded to 1, 2, 10, and 50 times the indoor air quality standard in China. Morris water maze and grip strength tests were performed during the exposure experiment. One day following the final exposure, oxidative damage levels, monoamine neurotransmitters, monoamine oxidase (MAO), and morphology of mice brain were analyzed. Escape latency, dopamine, norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin decreased significantly, while total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, and MAO increased significantly in G3 and G4. In addition, there were morphological changes and degeneration of neurons in the dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampus in G4. Results showed that the inhaled mixtures of VOCs and CO affected learning and memory of mice. The impairment of monoamine neurotransmitter associated with MAO may be one of the mechanisms of learning and memory impairment of the mice induced by the mixtures of VOCs and CO.

In-vehicle and pedestrian exposure to carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds in a mega city

Urban Climate ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer L. Odekanle ◽  
Bamidele S. Fakinle ◽  
Lukuman A. Jimoda ◽  
Oyetunji B. Okedere ◽  
Funso A. Akeredolu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals An improved estimate for the <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O signatures of carbon monoxide produced from atmospheric oxidation of volatile organic compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 8547-8562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac J. Vimont ◽  
Jocelyn C. Turnbull ◽  
Vasilii V. Petrenko ◽  
Philip F. Place ◽  
Colm Sweeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract. Atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) is a key player in global atmospheric chemistry and a regulated pollutant in urban areas. Oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is an important component of the global CO budget and has also been hypothesized to contribute substantially to the summertime urban CO budget. In principle, stable isotopic analysis of CO could constrain the magnitude of this source. However, the isotopic signature of VOC-produced CO has not been well quantified, especially for the oxygen isotopes. We performed measurements of CO stable isotopes on air samples from two sites around Indianapolis, US, over three summers to investigate the isotopic signature of VOC-produced CO. One of the sites is located upwind of the city, allowing us to quantitatively remove the background air signal and isolate the urban CO enhancements. as well as the isotopic signature of these enhancements. In addition, we use measurements of Δ14CO2 in combination with the CO:CO2 emission ratio from fossil fuels to constrain the fossil-fuel-derived CO and thereby isolate the VOC-derived component of the CO enhancement. Combining these measurements and analyses, we are able to determine the carbon and oxygen isotopic signatures of CO derived from VOC oxidation as -32.8‰±0.5‰ and 3.6 ‰±1.2 ‰, respectively. Additionally, we analyzed CO stable isotopes for 1 year at Beech Island, South Carolina, US, a site thought to have large VOC-derived contributions to the summertime CO budget. The Beech Island results are consistent with isotopic signatures of VOC-derived CO determined from the Indianapolis data. This study represents the first direct determination of the isotopic signatures of VOC-derived CO and will allow for improved use of isotopes in constraining the global and regional CO budgets.

scholarly journals Estimation of Carbon Monoxide, Sulfur Oxides, Nitrogen Oxides, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Particulate Matters Emission Due to Cryptocurrency Miners’ Activity in Iran

Earth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-673
Author(s):  
Amirreza Talaiekhozani ◽  
Majid Lotfi Ghahroud ◽  
Shahabaldin Rezania
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Sulfur Oxides ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Environment Agency

Nowadays, electricity consumption has increased worldwide due to the activity of cryptocurrency miners. Much of Iran’s electricity is generated by fossil fuel power plants. So, generating more electricity means producing more air pollutants in Iran. There is not sufficient information about the effects of cryptocurrency mining on Iran’s air pollution. This study aims to estimate the amount of carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter (PM) emitted by Iran’s power plants when they generate extra electricity for cryptocurrency miners. In this study, we firstly estimated the amount of fuel used for the electricity needed for cryptocurrency miners. Then, the amounts of emitted NOx, CO, VOCs, SOx, and total PM for generation of such electricity were estimated via the guidelines of the European Environment Agency for emission inventory estimation. The results showed that an on average of 3530, 1547, 103, 11, and 35 tons of NOx, CO, VOCs, SOx, and total PM, respectively, have been emitted into the atmosphere in Iran annually.

scholarly journals Influence of the Thermal State of Vehicle Combustion Engines on the Results of the National Inventory of Pollutant Emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9084
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bebkiewicz ◽  
Zdzisław Chłopek ◽  
Hubert Sar ◽  
Krystian Szczepański ◽  
Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Volatile Organic

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the thermal state of vehicle combustion engines on pollutant emissions. This influence was analyzed based on data from Poland’s inventory of pollutant emissions for the years 1990–2017. The results show that during engine warm-up, carbon monoxide emission constitutes the largest share (up to 50%) in the national annual total emission. Volatile organic compounds are next in the ranking, whereas the share of nitrogen oxides is the lowest (less than 5%). Under the model traffic conditions, close to those in Poland’s cities in winter, simulation tests regarding additional pollutant emissions from passenger cars during engine warm-up were also carried out. As a result of the cold-start emissive behavior of internal combustion engines, emissions of carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds showed a considerably greater impact on national pollutant emission, as compared to carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. This is particularly evident for the results of the inventory of pollutant emissions from road transport.

scholarly journals Air pollution inside public transport vehicles of Kathmandu Valley

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.B. Dhital ◽  
W.T. Hung ◽  
R.M. Byanju
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Total Volatile Organic Compounds

Owing to widespread road widening activities and the growing vehicular traffic, air quality of Kathmandu Valley has been a matter of grave concern. In this study, we monitored air quality inside public vehicles of Kathmandu Valley which would help assess the exposure of public transport users to air pollution. Problem of particulate pollution, especially PM10, was found severe inside the buses. Carbon monoxide and total volatile organic compounds were mostly within acceptable levels but benzene exceeded guidelines in few samples. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) were dominant among all detected volatile organic compounds. There was high degree of correlation among BTEX. Similarly, significant correlation was found between carbon monoxide and total volatile organic compounds. PM10 and PM2.5 were also significantly correlated suggesting common source of emission. Gaseous pollutants had significant negative correlation with traffic speed suggesting that traffic congestion (responsible for low traffic speed and high traffic density) is causing higher emission.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document