Representative sampling of large kernel lots III. General considerations on sampling heterogeneous foods

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim H. Esbensen ◽  
Claudia Paoletti ◽  
Pentti Minkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Large Kernel

Representative sampling of large kernel lots II. Application to soybean sampling for GMO control

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 165-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti Minkkinen ◽  
Kim H. Esbensen ◽  
Claudia Paoletti
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Large Kernel

Chemical Classification and Particle Sizing of Foundry Sands

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
D.S. DeMiglio
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Foundry Sands ◽  
Large Atomic Number ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Sand Particles ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Reclamation System

Much progress has been made in recent years towards the development of closed-loop foundry sand reclamation systems. However, virtually all work to date has determined the effectiveness of these systems to remove surface clay and metal oxide scales by a qualitative inspection of a representative sampling of sand particles. In this investigation, particles from a series of foundry sands were sized and chemically classified by a Lemont image analysis system (which was interfaced with an SEM and an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer) in order to statistically document the effectiveness of a reclamation system developed by The Pangborn Company - a subsidiary of SOHIO.The following samples were submitted: unreclaimed sand; calcined sand; calcined & mechanically scrubbed sand and unused sand. Prior to analysis, each sample was sprinkled onto a carbon mount and coated with an evaporated film of carbon. A backscattered electron photomicrograph of a field of scale-covered particles is shown in Figure 1. Due to a large atomic number difference between sand particles and the carbon mount, the backscattered electron signal was used for image analysis since it had a uniform contrast over the shape of each particle.

Impact of the divorce experience on the marital and family mindsets

2018 ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Елена Лактюхина ◽  
Elena Laktyukhina ◽  
Георгий Антонов ◽  
Georgy Antonov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
Marriage Stability ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Individual

The article presents a comparative analysis of marital and family mindsets of two categories of the demographically active population of modern Russia: (1) individuals that have no experience of a divorce and (2) those who have already experienced one or more official termination of a marriage. The empirical base of the analysis is the data of the author’s questionnaire survey conducted by representative sampling in Volgograd and Volgograd Region in 2015–2016. The analysis was made on the following basic empiric indicators: optimal (from the viewpoint of the respondents) age for the first marriage, frequency of mentioning marital and family statuses as the respondents describe their own social and demographic “portrait”, legitimate causes of a divorce and a number of others. It is found that, in the case of sufficiently strong traditional marital and family mindsets, perception of marital norms is adjusted, if an “abnormal” event (such as a divorce) occurs in the individual’s life course. At the same time, perception of the marriage stability is less variable and does not depend on the social and demographic characteristics of the respondents, including the presence/absence of a marriage termination experience. The “strongest” factor that affects the change of the marital and family mindsets is age. With age (and, consequently, experience accumulation), importance of the majority of main factors capable of preventing the individual from a divorce decreases and, therefore, the risk of such event increases.

scholarly journals Disentangling Species Delineation and Guiding Conservation of Endangered Magnolias in Veracruz, Mexico

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Fabián Augusto Aldaba Aldaba Núñez ◽  
Emily Veltjen ◽  
Esteban Manuel Martínez Martínez Salas ◽  
Marie-Stéphanie Samain
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Conservation Projects ◽  
Very High

The Mexican state of Veracruz has suffered very high deforestation rates in the last few decades, and despite the establishment of protected areas and conservation projects, primary forest is now mainly persisting in mostly small, scattered, fragmented remnants. New species of Magnolia section Talauma in this state have been described with little to no reference to the already existing ones, potentially resulting in over-splitting, obscuring their taxonomic delineation and conservation status, and consequently conservation programs. To study the conservation units and their genetic diversity, we here employ 15 microsatellite markers on a highly representative sampling of 254 individuals of what are presumed to be five Magnolia species. The results support at least three species and maximum five main conservation units. We propose downgrading the latter to four, given morphological, ecological, demographical, and geographical considerations. Two out of the three sympatrically occurring species in the rainforest in the Los Tuxtlas volcanic area have weak genetic evidence to be considered separate species. Similarly, the individuals in the Sierra de Zongolica in central Veracruz, who bear a very high morphological and genetic similarity to Magnolia mexicana, have weak genetic evidence to be recognised as a separate species. Nonetheless, the individuals could be identified as Magnolia decastroi based on morphology, and further research including the full range of this species is recommended.

Effects of non-representative sampling design on multi-scale habitat models: flammulated owls in the Rocky Mountains.

2021 ◽  
Vol 450 ◽  
pp. 109566
Author(s):  
Luca Chiaverini ◽  
Ho Yi Wan ◽  
Beth Hahn ◽  
Amy Cilimburg ◽  
Tzeidle N. Wasserman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Habitat Models ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Multi Scale

Is Vascularized Composite Allograft Transplantation Experimental or an Accepted Surgical Procedure: Results from a National Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (04) ◽  
pp. 276-280
Author(s):  
Salih Colakoglu ◽  
Seth Tebockhorst ◽  
David Woodbridge Mathes
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Internal Review ◽  
Vascularized Composite Allograft ◽  
American Society ◽  
Question Survey ◽  
Internal Review Board

Abstract Background More than 85 patients have received over 100 hand/arm transplants and more than 35 patients have received full or partial face transplants at institutions around the world. Given over two decades of experience in the field and in the light of successful outcomes with up to 17 years follow up time, should we still consider vascularized composite allograft (VCA) as a research/clinical investigation? We present the results of a nationwide electronic survey whose intent was to gather institutional bias with regard to this question. Methods An 11 question survey that was developed by VCA advisory committee of American Society of Transplantation was sent to all identified Internal Review Board chairs or directors in the United States. Results We received a total of 54 responses (25.3%) to the survey. The majority (78%) of responses came from either the chairperson, director, or someone who is administratively responsible for an IRB. Conclusion Though certainly not an exhaustive investigation into each institution's preference, we present a representative sampling. The results of which favor VCA as an accepted clinical procedure given the appropriate setting. Further research is needed to fully ascertain practices at each individual institution.

scholarly journals Potentially Human-Pathogenic Escherichia coli O26 in Norwegian Sheep Flocks

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (14) ◽  
pp. 4949-4958 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sekse ◽  
M. Sunde ◽  
B.-A. Lindstedt ◽  
P. Hopp ◽  
T. Bruheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Large Survey

ABSTRACTA national survey ofEscherichia coliO26 in Norwegian sheep flocks was conducted, using fecal samples to determine the prevalence. In total, 491 flocks were tested, andE. coliO26 was detected in 17.9% of the flocks. One hundred forty-twoE. coliO26 isolates were examined for flagellar antigens (H typing) and four virulence genes, includingstxandeae, to identify possible Shiga toxin-producingE. coli(STEC) and enteropathogenicE. coli(EPEC). Most isolates (129 out of 142) were identified asE. coliO26:H11. They possessedeaeand may have potential as human pathogens, although only a small fraction were identified as STEC O26:H11, giving a prevalence in sheep flocks of only 0.8%. Correspondingly, the sheep flock prevalence of atypical EPEC (aEPEC) O26:H11 was surprisingly high (15.9%). The genetic relationship between theE. coliO26:H11 isolates was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), identifying 63 distinct PFGE profiles and 22 MLVA profiles. Although the MLVA protocol was less discriminatory than PFGE and a few cases of disagreement were observed, comparison by partition mapping showed an overall good accordance between the two methods. A close relationship between a few isolates of aEPEC O26:H11 and STEC O26:H11 was identified, but all theE. coliO26:H11 isolates should be considered potentially pathogenic to humans. The present study consisted of a representative sampling of sheep flocks from all parts of Norway. This is the first large survey of sheep flocks focusing onE. coliO26 in general, including results of STEC, aEPEC, and nonpathogenic isolates.

Sewage contamination of coastal bathing waters in england and wales A bacteriological and epidemiological study

1959 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Small Series ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Ranking Order

1. Bacteriological surveys of more than forty popular bathing beaches around the coasts of England and Wales have been made during the past 5 years. The great majority of the beaches studied were subject to contamination with sewage.2. A rough grading of the beaches studied gave a similar ranking order whether the results of the presumptive coliform test or faecal coli counts were used as the basis of grading.3. Grading of beaches was valid only when surveys were carefully planned to ensure representative sampling from the areas on the beaches concerned where bathing actually took place.4. The coliform test as used in the bacteriological examination of drinking waters was the main test procedure used but had certain limitations. Promising results with plate counts on relatively non-inhibitory media were obtained.5. Various salmonella serotypes, notablySalm. paratyphi B, were isolated in small numbers from a high proportion of sea-water samples. The proportion of positive results for salmonella isolation increased from 13·3% in samples with less than 1000 coliform organisms per 100 ml. to 40·1% in samples with over 10,000 coliforms per 100 ml. Comparison of the numbers of salmonellae isolated with what is known of the minimum infective doses of these organisms suggested that very large volumes of sea water would require to be ingested for infection to occur.6. Poliovirus was not isolated from a small series of sea-water samples examined. Because of the very large dilution factor, special concentration procedures would probably be required to isolate this virus from sea water.7. Four cases of paratyphoid fever probably due to bathing were recorded. Surveys of the two associated beaches had given median presumptive coliform counts of more than 10,000 per 100 ml., and both showed gross macroscopic pollution with sewage.8. A statistically controlled study of the bathing histories of 150 poliomyelitis cases in children living permanently by the seaside gave no evidence that bathing had played any part in causing the disease.

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