Analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in food and the environment needed for new food legislation in the European Union

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 716-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
T WENZL ◽  
R SIMON ◽  
E ANKLAM ◽  
J KLEINER
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Food Legislation

scholarly journals A journey towards whole water certified reference materials for organic substances: measuring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as required by the European Union Water Framework Directive

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Dosis ◽  
Marina Ricci ◽  
Håkan Emteborg ◽  
Hendrik Emons
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Priority Substances ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Whole Water

AbstractIn 2000, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) came into force in the European Union with the aim of protecting and improving water quality. The priority substances established to be monitored are predominantly organic compounds, for which the WFD sets the requirement of ‘whole water sample’ analysis. This legislative requirement poses analytical challenges for the monitoring laboratories as well as technical challenges for reference materials producers. In the past, there were attempts to produce reference materials as quality assurance/quality control tools for measuring organic priority substances in whole water. A critical reflection on the approaches and solutions applied to prepare such kind of matrix reference materials is presented along with a discussion on the difficulties encountered by the analytical laboratories in analysing such complex matrices. The Certified Reference Material (CRM) ERM-CA100 can be considered as a pioneer for a ‘whole water’ CRM (containing humic acids) and has been designed for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Further developments seem to be necessary to upgrade the design towards a CRM which will also include suspended particulate matter, another basic constituent of natural surface water samples. Graphical abstract

Concentrations and Profiles of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Some Popular Fish Species in Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHUKWUJINDU M. A. IWEGBUE ◽  
GODSWILL O. TESI ◽  
LORETTA C. OVERAH ◽  
FRANCISCA I. BASSEY ◽  
FRANK O. NWADUKWE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trachurus Trachurus ◽  
Gymnarchus Niloticus ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The concentrations and profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 10 popular fish species in the Nigerian market were determined with a view to providing information on the health hazards associated with the consumption of these fish species. The concentrations of PAHs were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after extraction by ultrasonication with acetone-dichloromethane and clean up. The concentration ranges of the Σ16 PAHs were 20 to 39.6 μg kg−1 for Parachanna obscura (African snake head), 6.8 to 532.3 μg kg−1 for Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia), 7.4 to 91.1 μg kg−1 for Gymnarchus niloticus (Asa), 13.1 to 34.1 μg kg−1 for Sebastes fasciatus (red fish), 11.2 to 80.0 μg kg−1 for Gadus morhua (cod), 23.9 to 34.6 μg kg−1 for Chrysicthys nigrodigitatus (silver cat fish), 63.4 to 131.4 μg kg−1 for Sardinella aurita (sardine), 22 to 52.9 μg kg−1 for Trachurus trachurus (Atlantic horse mackerel), 21.0 to 63.7 μg kg−1 for Scomber scombrus (mackerel), and 27.7 to 44.5 μg kg−1 for Pseudotolithus senegalensis (croaker). Benzo[a]pyrene occurred in 23% of these fish samples at concentrations above the European Union permissible limit of 2.0 μg kg−1. The calculated margins of exposure based on the indicators for occurrence and effects of PAHs were greater than 10,000 indicating no potential risk for the consumers of the species evaluated in this study.

scholarly journals Concentrations and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Seawater around Langkawi Island, Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam Nasher ◽  
Lee Yook Heng ◽  
Zuriati Zakaria ◽  
Salmijah Surif
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
European Union ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
High Molecular Weight Pahs

This paper reports the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water around the Island and their probable sources. Water samples were collected from four jetties and three marine fish farms around the main Langkawi Island and analysed for 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in December 2010. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 6.1 ± 0.43 to 46 ± 0.42 μgL−1, which exceed the maximum admissible concentrations of PAHs (0.20 μgL−1) for the water standard of European Union. The calculated diagnostic benzo[a]anthracene : benzo[a]anthracene + chrysene ratio of between 0.52 and 1.0 suggests that the sources of PAHs at the majority of the stations studied are derived primarily from pyrogenic sources, from incomplete fuel combustion of the boats and vehicle engines, with lesser amounts of PAHs contributed from petrogenic sources. Some stations displayed mixed sources. A significant positive correlation was found between total organic carbon (TOC) and the concentrations of the high-molecular-weight PAHs (r2=0.86,P<0.05), which suggests significant secondary sources of PAHs, such as those from atmospheric deposition.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Chlorinated Pesticides (DDTs), Hexachlorocyclohexane, and Hexachlorobenzene Residues in Smoked Seafood

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. STORELLI ◽  
R. GIACOMINELLI STUFFLER ◽  
G. O. MARCOTRIGIANO
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Chlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Wet Weight

Smoked seafoods were screened for the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other organochlorine compounds. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 46.5 ng/g (wet weight) for smoked swordfish to 124.0 ng/g (wet weight) for smoked herring. Among the carcinogenic PAHs, benzo(a)pyrene ranged from undetectable levels for several smoked fish to 0.7 ng/g for Scottish salmon, dibenzo(ah)anthracene was not present in any of the samples analyzed, and benzo(a)anthracene was found in all samples and at particularly high levels in salmon (23.2 ng/g). Benzo(a)pyrene concentrations were below the tolerance limit for all samples. PCB concentrations for the different samples ranged from 2 to 30 ng/g. Chlorinated pesticides (DDTs: p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD, and o,p′-DDD) were detected at levels ranging from 0.2 ng/g (wet weight) in bluefin tuna to 17.5 ng/g (wet weight) in salmon. Hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (αHCH + βHCH + γHCH) were present in higher amounts in eels (6.5 ng/g) than in the other smoked fish. For 40% of the samples, PCB concentrations exceeded the limit fixed by the European Union, while pesticide levels were below the maximum acceptable limit proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization.

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