Economies of scale in bus transit service in the USA: How does cost efficiency vary by agency size and level of contracting?

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1086-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Iseki
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Transit Service ◽  
Bus Transit ◽  
The Usa

Chang'an Automobile and the Chinese automotive industry

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Roberto ◽  
Grace Chun Guo ◽  
Crystal X. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Auto Industry ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa

TitleChang'an Automobile and the Chinese automotive industry.Subject areaInternational businessStudy level/applicabilityUndergraduate/graduate/executive education.Case overviewChina has become the world's largest producer of automobiles, surpassing the USA and Japan. The Chinese auto industry differs quite significantly from those countries though. While the industry exhibits a substantial degree of concentration in the USA and Japan in early 2011, it remained highly fragmented in China. The Chinese Central Government had announced a desire for consolidation, yet it remained unclear whether a significant shakeout would occur in the near term.Like many Chinese automakers, Chang'an partnered with well‐known global auto makers to develop, produce, and distribute its products. In the coming years, Chang'an hoped to develop more independence from its foreign partners, including the production and distribution of self‐branded cars. However, the company grappled with how it could strive for independence while managing its existing joint ventures. Executives worried too about how to compete with foreign automakers who had achieved global economies of scale.The case provides a rich description of the evolution of the Chinese auto industry, and it documents how the Chinese industry differs from other global markets. Readers can analyze the extent to which they believe scale economies provide foreign firms an advantage over smaller Chinese rivals, and they can evaluate the conventional wisdom regarding the industry's minimum efficient scale. The case also provides a detailed account of Chang'an's rise to prominence. The case concludes by offering an in‐depth description of the firm's key rivals, and it presents the key questions being considered by Chang'an executives in 2011.Expected learning outcomesEnables students to examine how and why an industry's structure can differ substantially across geographic markets. Enables students to examine whether the need to achieve economies of scale may cause substantial consolidation in the Chinese auto industry. Provides an opportunity to evaluate the pros and cons of the joint venture strategies employed in China. Provides an opportunity to examine how a relatively small firm can position itself against large multinationals in a high‐growth emerging market.Supplementary materialsTeaching notes.

The return on investment from international patient programs in American hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Ishani Patel ◽  
Tricia J. Johnson ◽  
Andrew N. Garman ◽  
Samuel Hohmann ◽  
Paola Pescara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
International Programs ◽  
Operating Expense ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Program ◽  
The Usa

Purpose Hospitals catering to the unique needs of international patients often make substantial investments in their international program. Research has yet to evaluate the return on investment (ROI) of establishing these programs. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the economic benefits and costs of international patient programs and evaluate the ROI of international patients for US hospitals by program maturity and size. Design/methodology/approach Operational information about 29 health systems with international patient programs in the USA was obtained from the US Cooperative for International Patient Programs (USCIPP) Annual Benchmarking Survey. A Spearman correlation coefficient was used to test the association between international program investments and revenue. Mann–Whitney U tests were used to test whether ROI differs significantly by program maturity and size. Findings It was found that 14 (48.3 per cent) international programs were established and 10 (34.5 per cent) programs were large in size. The median estimated organizational total gross revenue less operating expense for all programs was positive ($15.6m). Total gross revenue less operating expense was higher for large programs ($105.6m) than for small programs ($9.2m) (p < 0.001) and higher for established programs ($40.2m) than for new programs ($8.5m) (p < 0.001). Originality/value The results suggest that hospital investment in international programs yields substantial returns for the health systems studied. New programs rely on staff from other areas of the organization while developing operational processes and relationships with providers and payers abroad. Examining the ROI can help hospitals develop a business case for an international program and understand any economies of scale from increased investment.

Contracting Fixed-Route Bus Transit Service

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Boyle ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transit Service ◽  
Bus Transit

Minutes Matter: A Bus Transit Service Reliability Guidebook

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kari Watkins Carly Queen Simon Berrebi Georgia Institute of Technology ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Reliability ◽  
Transit Service ◽  
Bus Transit

scholarly journals Information Technology and Cost Efficiency in Malaysian Banking Industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Zaini Abd. Karim ◽  
Abdul Rahim Anuar ◽  
Shazida Jan Mohd. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bank Efficiency ◽  
Banking Efficiency ◽  
Cost Frontier ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Impact

It is argued that information technology can increase cost efficiency of banks by offering opportunities to substitute across inputs into production – for example, to substitute computer technology and information networks for labor. Hence, the transition to a knowledge-based financial sector would lead to banks becoming more competitive, more cost effective and better able in managing risks. As such, those banks that failed to make this transition are less able to compete as they lack the capability to innovate and face higher delivery costs. The main objectives of this paper are to determine the impact of IT on banking efficiency and its economies of scale using a sample of Malaysian banks. To achieve these objectives, stochastic cost frontier method is employed to estimate bank efficiency and panel data approach were used to examine the impact of IT on bank efficiency. The results indicate that the impact of IT on bank efficiency increases with increase in bank size, hence further supporting the process of bank mergers that are currently undertaken in the Malaysian banking industry.  

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