Illustration of some limits of the Markov assumption for transition between groups in models of spread of an infectious pathogen in a structured herd

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-F. Viet ◽  
C. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Markov Assumption ◽  
Infectious Pathogen

scholarly journals Repurposing Infectious Pathogen Vaccines in Cancer Immunotherapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Conti
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Mouse Tumor ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Anticancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Intratumoral Delivery ◽  
Infectious Pathogen ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Mouse Tumor Models

Reports in the literature show that certain vaccines against infectious pathogens, can be effective in eliciting antitumor immune response when injected intratumorally. In mouse tumor models, intratumoral delivery of rotavirus, yellow fever, and influenza vaccines have been shown to also synergize with checkpoint inhibitors, in the leading immunotherapy in the clinical practice today. The combined approach can thus become a very promising novel strategy for anticancer immunotherapy. In humans, an attenuated poliomyelitis virus vaccine, a peptide-based vaccines against papilloma and one based on detoxified diphtheria protein have already been tested as intratumoral treatments readily. In those studies, the role of available anti-pathogen immunity appears an important element in mediating the activity of the repurposed vaccines against cancer. We therefore suggest how evaluating or eventually developing anti-pathogen immunity before intratumoral delivery could be helpful in repurposing infectious pathogen vaccines in cancer immunotherapy.

The Analysis of Panel Data under a Markov Assumption

1985 ◽  
Vol 80 (392) ◽  
pp. 863-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Kalbfleisch ◽  
J. F. Lawless
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Markov Assumption

Quarantine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Thomas Murray
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
The World ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Infectious Pathogen ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Literature And Film ◽  
Global Population

<p>This thesis is set in a world similar to many pieces of science fiction literature and film. The world is fighting against the outbreak of a lethal and highly infectious pathogen that threatens to decimate the global population. The virus spreads quickly and has no current known cures or vaccines. Whilst the backdrop for this thesis is fictional, it addresses a very real concern that could face society. The research and outcomes of this thesis were based on a detailed study of quarantine solutions with the intention to quickly control and treat a virus pandemic. The focus was given to the architecture of emergency quarantine hospitals but also to a specific pathogen that this proposal is based upon, the H5N1 virus, more commonly known as Bird Flu. This thesis proposes to investigate a movable architecture dedicated to quarantine which can transport itself between cities and set up where it is most needed, be that in a busy city or a cluster of small villages. This allows for ease of access for those infected as well as quick integration back into society should those who are isolated respond well to treatment. The thesis will propose a potential direction for the further development of modern human quarantine, a system that will be ready and waiting for the day that it is desperately required.</p>

Phoma as an Infectious Pathogen in Medical Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Yelena V. Kukhar ◽  
Vladimir S. Kiyan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Infectious Pathogen

scholarly journals Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Room for Multifaceted Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 4114
Author(s):  
Nicola Petrosillo ◽  
Maria Adriana Cataldo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
One Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Multifaceted Interventions ◽  
Infectious Pathogen

Clostridioides difficile (CD) continues to be the number one health care-associated infectious pathogen in the United States [...]

Vaccination of a multi-group model of zoonotic diseases with direct and indirect transmission

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950068
Author(s):  
Wei Lv ◽  
Xue-Ying Liu ◽  
Xin-Jian Xu ◽  
Jie Lou
Keyword(s):  
Function Method ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Indirect Transmission ◽  
Lyapunov Function Method ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Infectious Pathogen

Vaccination plays an important role in preventing or reducing the spread of zoonotic diseases. In this paper, we develop a susceptible-vaccinated-exposed-infectious-pathogen multi-group epidemic model of zoonotic diseases incorporating nonlinear direct and indirect incidence rates, nonlinear pathogen shedding rates, and common environmental contamination. Under certain assumptions, we first obtained the basic reproduction number of the model. Then, we utilized the comparison principle and global Lyapunov function method to prove global stability of dynamical equilibria. Finally, we analyzed optimal vaccination strategy. All the theoretical predictions were verified by numerical simulations.

Crystal structures of the closed form ofMycobacterium tuberculosisdihydrofolate reductase in complex with dihydrofolate and antifolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 682-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Augusto Ribeiro ◽  
Sair Maximo Chavez-Pacheco ◽  
Gabriel Stephani de Oliveira ◽  
Catharina dos Santos Silva ◽  
João Henrique Pimenta Giudice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Modes ◽  
New Information ◽  
Folate Pathway ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Infectious Pathogen ◽  
Very High ◽  
Conformation State

Tuberculosis is a disease caused byMycobacterium tuberculosisand is the leading cause of death from a single infectious pathogen, with a high prevalence in developing countries in Africa and Asia. There still is a need for the development or repurposing of novel therapies to combat this disease owing to the long-term nature of current therapies and because of the number of reported resistant strains. Here, structures of dihydrofolate reductase fromM. tuberculosis(MtDHFR), which is a key target of the folate pathway, are reported in complex with four antifolates, pyrimethamine, cycloguanil, diaverdine and pemetrexed, and its substrate dihydrofolate in order to understand their binding modes. The structures of all of these complexes were obtained in the closed-conformation state of the enzyme and a fine structural analysis indicated motion in key regions of the substrate-binding site and different binding modes of the ligands. In addition, the affinities, throughKdmeasurement, of diaverdine and methotrexate have been determined; MtDHFR has a lower affinity (highestKd) for diaverdine than pyrimethamine and trimethoprim, and a very high affinity for methotrexate, as expected. The structural comparisons and analysis described in this work provide new information about the plasticity of MtDHFR and the binding effects of different antifolates.

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