scholarly journals Static recipient cells as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance during antibiotic therapy

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan R. Willms ◽  
Paul D. Roughan ◽  
Jack A. Heinemann
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy

The Chemistry Of Antibiofilm Phytocompounds.

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dibyajit Lahiri ◽  
Moupriya Nag ◽  
Sayantani Garai ◽  
Rina Rani Ray
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Uses

: Phytocompounds are long known for their therapeutic uses due to their competence as antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial activity of these bioactive compounds manifests their ability as an antibiofilm agent and is thereby proved to be competent to treat the wide spread of biofilm-associated chronic infections. Rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria has made the treatment of these infections almost impossible by conventional antibiotic therapy, which forced in the switch over to the use of phytocompounds. The present overview deals with the classification of the huge array of phytocompounds according to their chemical nature, detection of their target pathogen, and elucidation of their mode of action.

scholarly journals Topical issues of inhaled antibacterial therapy of respiratory diseases in children

2018 ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Kolosova ◽  
A. B. Kolosova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Restriction Policy ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Outpatient Practice ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

Despite the fact that acute respiratory infections have viral etiology, the frequency of antibiotic prescriptions accounts for more than 70% in outpatient practice. However, the preventive administration of systemic antibiotics does not reduce the duration of the disease and the incidence of bacterial complications. In addition, the irrational use of antibiotic therapy can lead to the development of antibiotic resistance of infectious disease pathogens. The global problem of antibiotic resistance is seen as a serious threat to public health, and therefore the systemic antibiotic restriction policy is crucial, which helps to reduce the formation of antibiotic-resistant strains of infectious agents. The possibility of using local antibacterial drugs enables optimization of antibiotic therapy and reduces the risk of the development of antibiotic resistance. The article discusses the issues of use of thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate in various diseases in children.

Infections Due to Salmonella

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia B Goldberg ◽  
Molly Paras
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Extraintestinal Disease ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Salmonella, which is acquired via ingestion, is classified as nontyphoidal or typhoidal disease. Typhoidal disease is caused by S typhi or S paratyphi, and nontyphoidal disease is caused by all other serovars. Salmonella causes a range of infectious syndromes that include gastroenteritis, bacteremia, endovascular infections, and enteric fever. For immunocompromised hosts or patients with extraintestinal disease, antibiotic therapy should be provided. Effective agents often include third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, although rates of resistance of Salmonella isolates to many antibiotics are increasing. A carrier state exists whereby patients may shed bacteria despite being asymptomatic. To eradicate the carrier state, longer courses of antibiotics and, in rare instances, surgical removal of the reservoir, which is most commonly the gallbladder, may be required.  This review contains 2 figures, 4 tables, and 24 references. Key Words: Salmonella, typhoidal, non-typhoidal, enteric fever, endovascular infection, gastroenteritis, carrier, food-borne, antibiotic resistance

scholarly journals Effect of Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogens on Initial Antibiotic Therapy for Patients With Cholangitis

Cureus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakue Masuda ◽  
Kazuya Koizumi ◽  
Haruki Uojima ◽  
Karen Kimura ◽  
Takashi Nishino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Initial Antibiotic Therapy

scholarly journals Knowledge and self-reported confidence in antimicrobial stewardship programme among final year pharmacy undergraduate students in Malaysia and Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 298-305
Author(s):  
Usman Abubakar ◽  
Abubakar Sha’aban ◽  
Mustapha Mohammed ◽  
Haseeb Tariq Muhammad ◽  
Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malaysian Students

Objective: This study evaluated the knowledge and self-reported confidence of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) among pharmacy students in Malaysia and Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among final year undergraduate pharmacy students in a university from both Nigeria and Malaysia using a 59-item online questionnaire. Results: A total of 150 final year undergraduate pharmacy students completed the questionnaire. Exposure to infectious diseases clerkship was higher among the Malaysian students (78.2% versus 25.4%; p < 0.001). Overall, the knowledge score for antibiotic resistance and AMS were comparable (6.2 ± 1.5 and 3.6 ± 1.2, respectively versus 5.9 ± 1.6 and 3.3 ± 1.3). The knowledge of antibiotic therapy was higher among the Malaysian students (5.4 ± 1.8 versus 4.2 ± 1.8; p < 0.001) while self-reported confidence to participate in AMS was higher among the Nigerian students (median 48.0, IQR 26 – 75 versus median 36.5, IQR 15 – 75; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Pharmacy students in Malaysia and Nigeria have appreciable knowledge of antibiotic resistance, antibiotic therapy and AMS. More training on topics is recommended to improve the skills and competency of future pharmacists to participate in AMS.

scholarly journals SYSTEMS APPROACH FOR ANTIBIOTICS IN COLORECTAL SURGERY IN GROWING ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE BACKGROUND

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(69)) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Stojko ◽  
V. G. Gusarov ◽  
D. A. Kolozyan ◽  
A. L. Levchuk ◽  
A. V. Maksimenkov
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Colorectal Surgery ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

AIM: to reduce antibiotic resistance of infectious agents in colorectal surgery using optimal antibiotic therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: single-center interventional study with retrospective control has been done. Start point of intervention was January 2017, when it was provided direct administrative control of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis protocols and empirical antibiotic therapy. The study included 200 patients after colorectal surgery in 2016-2017. Patients divided in two groups: in 2016 y – control (A), in 2017 – interventional one (B). RESULTS: significant decrease was detected in total antibiotic use from 16.1 to 12.2 defined daily dose (DDD) and in duration of antibiotic prophylaxis from 5.5 to 1.9 days (p<0.001). Incidence of infection caused by multi-resistant strains reduced from 84.3% to 50% (p<0.001). Analysis of etiology septic complications in colorectal patients showed a decrease in the number of Enterobacteriales, producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) from 33.3% to 11.8% (р<0.01). The incidence of carbapenem-resistant Klostridium pneumoniae reduced from 7.8% до 0%, р=0.031. ESKAPE group pathogens decreased from 24 (47.1%) to 12 (17.7%), р<0.001. No difference in postoperative infectious morbidity between groups was detected (32.9% vs 31.0%, р=0.88). Incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea decreased from 5% to 0% (р=0.03). CONCLUSION: direct control of antibiotic prophylaxis protocols and empirical antibiotic therapy allowed to decrease the rate of antibiotic use and to decrease rate of infection complications caused by antibiotic resistance strains.

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