The crAss-like Phage Group: How Metagenomics Reshaped the Human Virome

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene V. Koonin ◽  
Natalya Yutin
Keyword(s):  
Phage Group

PHAGE GROUPS AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ASSOCIATED WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Fred E. Pittman ◽  
Calderon Howe ◽  
Louise Goode ◽  
Paul A. di Sant'Agnese
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Group Iii

In this study, 198 strains of hemolytic, coagulase-positive Staph. aureus were recovered from 84 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and some of their relatives. The majority of the organisms fell into phage group III and were resistant in vitro to penicillin and other antibiotics. No single phage type seemed to be unduly prevalent in this group of patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.

scholarly journals The Assembly of Bacteriophage Functional Enzymatic Models in Association with E. coli Proteins' Profiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 320-329
Author(s):  
Ayman A Elshayeb ◽  
Amna Elfatih ◽  
Karimeldin MA Salih ◽  
Nada SE Mustafa4
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Lytic Cycle ◽  
Host Bacterium ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Enzymatic Function ◽  
T7 Phage

Introduction: The invasion of bacteriophage on the associated host bacterium depends on their receptors' orientation that adsorb them to cell surface. During phage replication a valuable number of proteins acts as lytic enzymes for host puncher at the beginning of the infection and other for burst after lytic cycle compilation. Accordingly, the proteomic relationship among phage and bacterium proteins could easily be studied by their protein profiles analysis. Objective: To detect bacteriophages functional enzymes during lytic cycle. Methods: The isolation and identification of Escherichia coli and their parasitic T7 phage group was done using bacterial culture and common plaque assay techniques. The investigations and protein-protein interactions' assays were inveterate by proteins profile of phage and bacterium using Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to find out their molecular weights, where the scaled location of each mobile band was compared to the standards of identified proteins weights in the molecular ladder. Thereafter, Protein model's assembly and bands migration was done by computer analytical software. Results: Mobilization of the phage' proteins inside the Two Dimensions (2D) gel ranged between 60 and 12 kDa where a model of 4 main bands with molecular weights of (46, 35, 24 and 14 kDa) is corresponded to the host ones, where pure 9 bands with molecular weight ranged between 96-24 kDa. The computational model analysis showed common shared molecular masses of 47, 34 and 16 kDa on plot area of the phage and the bacterium. Model interpretation confirmed that proteins ranged from 47.7 to 34.3 kDa resembles 43.3% of whole phage's proteins that assembled the capsid head and the coil, while the molecular weight mass of 22.5 formed the tail's proteins. The lytic enzymes' molecular weight was ranged between 18-14 kDa according to the function of the enzyme. The study revealed that the 34 kDa band has the common shared peak between T7 phage group and associated Escherichia coli host. Conclusion: Functional models of analysed proteins during phage assembly, ensures lytic enzymes are built in the capsid head and the lysozyme in the tail, they facilitate the enzymatic decay for bacterial host. This enzymatic function is related to the lytic cycle of the bacteriophages and their phenomenon in employing the bacterial DNA in proteins manufacturing during their replication inside host.

scholarly journals Genomic diversity, life strategies and ecology of marine HTVC010P-type pelagiphages

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Du ◽  
Fang Qin ◽  
Zefeng Zhang ◽  
Zhen Tian ◽  
Mingyu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycles ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Life Strategies ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Integrase Gene ◽  
Subgroup Ii ◽  
Integration Sites

SAR11 bacteria dominate ocean surface bacterioplankton communities, and play an important role in marine carbon and nutrient cycling. The biology and ecology of SAR11 are impacted by SAR11 phages (pelagiphages) that are highly diverse and abundant in the ocean. Among the currently known pelagiphages, HTVC010P represents an extremely abundant but under-studied phage group in the ocean. In this study, we have isolated seven new HTVC010P-type pelagiphages, and recovered 77 nearly full-length HTVC010P-type metagenomic viral genomes from marine metagenomes. Comparative genomic and phylogenomic analyses showed that HTVC010P-type pelagiphages display genome synteny and can be clustered into two major subgroups, with subgroup I consisting of strictly lytic phages and subgroup II mostly consisting of phages with potential lysogenic life cycles. All but one member of the subgroup II contain an integrase gene. Site-specific integration of subgroup II HTVC010P-type pelagiphage was either verified experimentally or identified by in silico genomic sequence analyses, which revealed that various SAR11 tRNA genes can serve as the integration sites of HTVC010P-type pelagiphages. Moreover, HTVC010P-type pelagiphage integration was confirmed by the detection of several Global Ocean Survey (GOS) fragments that contain hybrid phage–host integration sites. Metagenomic recruitment analysis revealed that these HTVC010P-type phages were globally distributed and most lytic subgroup I members exhibited higher relative abundance. Altogether, this study significantly expands our knowledge about the genetic diversity, life strategies and ecology of HTVC010P-type pelagiphages.

scholarly journals The egg yolk reaction ofStaphylococcus aureusisolated from burns

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. L. Lowbury ◽  
B. J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Negative Reaction ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Staph. aureusfrom burns of in-patients were tested for egg yolk reaction during three periods; in 1958 and in 1960 approximately 80 % of the strains gave a negative reaction (EY-), but in 1962 only 36 % of the strains were egg yolk negative.Staphylococci of phage group III were more commonly EY- than those of other groups isolated from burns. Within each of groups I and III, however, there were patterns predominantly EY- and others predominantly egg yolk positive (EY+); in group I the majority of strains isolated in 1960 were of phage type 52 and EY-, while those isolated in 1962 were predominantly of phage type 80 or related patterns which were always EY+.Most of the staphylococci in burns were resistant to penicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin; within groups I and III, the staphylococci which were EY- were also more commonly resistant than EY+ strains to these three antibiotics.Most of the staphylococci from burns were mercuric chloride resistant (presumptive epidemic strains); of the mercuric chloride sensitive staphylococci, the proportion of EY+ strains was greater than that of EY- strains.

scholarly journals Enterotoxins and toxic-shock syndrome toxin-1 in non-enteric staphylococcal disease

1993 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Marples ◽  
A. A. Wieneke
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Group V ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

SUMMARYOver the 7 years 1985–91, 997 strains of Staphylococcus aureus from 962 patients with diseases other than food poisoning have been tested for the production of enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and phage typed. In all, 128 cases could be classified as confirmed or probable toxic shock syndrome (TSS) but a further 199 cases were classified as possible or unconfirmed TSS. In 219 cases, an alternative diagnosis could be supported and 45 cases were classified as sudden infant death syndrome. In 371 cases, insufficient information for classification was available.Strains of phage group I producing TSST-1 were associated with menstrual TSS. Many menstrual TSS cases were aged less than 20 and were using non-introducer tampons.When all strains were reviewed, strong associations were observed between TSST-1 production and phage group I strains, enterotoxin B production and group V strains, enterotoxin C and phage-type 95 strains and between enterotoxin A without TSST-1 and phage group III strains.

scholarly journals Identification and Analysis of a Novel Group of Bacteriophages Infecting the Lactic Acid Bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (17) ◽  
pp. 5153-5165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian McDonnell ◽  
Jennifer Mahony ◽  
Horst Neve ◽  
Laurens Hanemaaijer ◽  
Jean-Paul Noben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Adsorption Affinity ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Sequence Relatedness ◽  
Genome Information ◽  
Detrimental Impact

ABSTRACTWe present the complete genome sequences of four members of a novel group of phages infectingStreptococcus thermophilus, designated here as the 987 group. Members of this phage group appear to have resulted from genetic exchange events, as evidenced by their “hybrid” genomic architecture, exhibiting DNA sequence relatedness to the morphogenesis modules of certain P335 groupLactococcus lactisphages and to the replication modules ofS. thermophilusphages. All four identified members of the 987 phage group were shown to elicit adsorption affinity to both their cognateS. thermophilushosts and a particularL. lactisstarter strain. The receptor binding protein of one of these phages (as a representative of this novel group) was defined using an adsorption inhibition assay. The emergence of a novel phage group infectingS. thermophilushighlights the continuous need for phage monitoring and development of new phage control measures.IMPORTANCEPhage predation ofS. thermophilusis an important issue for the dairy industry, where viral contamination can lead to fermentation inefficiency or complete fermentation failure. Genome information and phage-host interaction studies ofS. thermophilusphages, particularly those emerging in the marketplace, are an important part of limiting the detrimental impact of these viruses in the dairy environment.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Sinorhizobium Phage ΦM6, the First Terrestrial Phage of a Marine Phage Group

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tess E. Brewer ◽  
Brian K. Washburn ◽  
Jason S. Lynn ◽  
Kathryn M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marine Phage

Sinorhizobium phage ΦM6 infects the nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti. ΦM6 most closely resembles marine phages, such as Puniceispirillum phage HMO-2011, rather than previously sequenced rhizobial phages.

scholarly journals DNA restriction digest and ribosomal RNA gene patterns ofCampylobacter jejuni: a comparison with bio-, sero-, and bacteriophage-types of United Kingdom outbreak strains

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Owen ◽  
J. Hernandez ◽  
F. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Fingerprints ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The North ◽  
Distinct Strain ◽  
Ofcampylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Dna Restriction

SUMMARYDNA restriction endonuclease (HaeIII andHindIII) total digest and 16S and 23S ribosomal (r)RNA gene patterns (ribopatterns) were determined for 18 isolates ofCampylobacter jejunifrom three separate outbreaks of diarrhoea in the north of England. Strains were also characterized by biotyping, serotyping and phage typing. Comparisons of the DNA patterns by visual and numerical methods revealed five distinct strain groupings with clear differences between isolates from different outbreaks as well as some heterogeneity between strains within the community outbreak and one of the school outbreaks. An excellent correlation was observed between the genomic DNA fingerprints data and the Preston bacteriophage group, both of which gave better discrimination than biotyping and serotyping alone or in combination. Only one phage group (PG 37) was not confirmed by the DNA data. DNA fingerprints therefore provide additional information of value in studying the epidemiology of outbreaks ofC. jejuni.

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