Quantifying rates of landscape evolution and tectonic processes by thermochronology and numerical modeling of crustal heat transport using PECUBE

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-525 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Braun ◽  
Peter van der Beek ◽  
Pierre Valla ◽  
Xavier Robert ◽  
Frédéric Herman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Tectonic Processes

Numerical Modeling of Soil Water–Heat Transport under Oxo-Biodegradable Film Mulch and the Optimal Mulching Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 147 (9) ◽  
pp. 04021035
Author(s):  
Yayang Feng ◽  
Haibin Shi ◽  
Xuesong Cao ◽  
Qingfeng Miao ◽  
Qiong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Biodegradable Film

scholarly journals Diachronous Tibetan Plateau landscape evolution derived from lava field geomorphology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Allen ◽  
Robert Law
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Tectonic Geomorphology ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Lava Field ◽  
Northern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Stepwise Evolution

<p><strong>Evolution of the Tibetan Plateau is important for understanding continental tectonics because of its exceptional elevation (~5 km above sea level) and crustal thickness (~70 km). Patterns of long-term landscape evolution can constrain tectonic processes, but have been hard to quantify, in contrast to established datasets for strain, exhumation and paleo-elevation. This study analyses the relief of the bases and tops of 17 Cenozoic lava fields on the central and northern Tibetan Plateau. Analyzed fields have typical lateral dimensions of 10s of km, and so have an appropriate scale for interpreting tectonic geomorphology. Fourteen of the fields have not been deformed since eruption. One field is cut by normal faults; two others are gently folded with limb dips <6<sup>o</sup></strong><strong>. </strong><strong>Relief of the bases and tops of the fields is comparable to modern, internally-drained, parts of the plateau, and distinctly lower than externally-drained regions. The lavas preserve a record of underlying low relief bedrock landscapes at the time they were erupted, which have undergone little change since. There is an overlap in each area between younger published low-temperature thermochronology ages and the oldest eruption in each area, here interpreted as the transition </strong><strong>between the end of significant (>3 km) exhumation and plateau landscape development. </strong><strong>This diachronous process took place between ~32.5<sup>o</sup> - ~36.5<sup>o</sup> N between ~40 and ~10 Ma, advancing northwards at a long-term rate of ~15 km/Myr. Results are consistent with incremental northwards growth of the plateau, rather than a stepwise evolution or synchronous uplift.</strong></p>

Numerical Modeling of Tectonic Processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 903-912
Author(s):  
Fabio A. Capitanio ◽  
Christopher M. Gonzalez ◽  
Sascha Brune
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Tectonic Processes

scholarly journals Spatial patterns of erosion and landscape evolution in a bivergent metamorphic core complex revealed by cosmogenic 10Be: The central Menderes Massif (western Turkey)

Geosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1846-1868
Author(s):  
Caroline Heineke ◽  
Ralf Hetzel ◽  
Nils-Peter Nilius ◽  
Christoph Glotzbach ◽  
Cüneyt Akal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Metamorphic Core Complex ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Core Complex ◽  
Menderes Massif ◽  
Continental Extension ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Metamorphic Core

Abstract In extensional provinces with low-angle normal faulting (such as the Aegean region), both tectonic processes and erosion induce landscape change, but their interaction during the evolution of topography and relief accompanying continental extension has rarely been addressed. Here we present local and catchment-wide 10Be erosion rates that document the spatial pattern of erosion in the central Menderes Massif, a metamorphic core complex consisting of two asymmetric mountain ranges (Bozdağ and Aydın) bound by detachment faults and active grabens. Catchment-wide erosion rates on the northern flank of the Bozdağ Range are rather low (40–110 mm/k.y.) but reach values of >300 mm/k.y. on the steep southern escarpment—a pattern that reflects both topography and bedrock lithology. In the Aydın Range, erosion rates are generally higher, with mean erosion rates of ∼190 and ∼260 mm/k.y. on the northern and southern flank, respectively, and more variable along strike. In both ranges, erosion rates of ridge crests derived from amalgamated clasts are 30–90 mm/k.y. The difference between local and catchment-wide erosion rates indicates that topographic relief increases in most parts of the massif in response to ongoing fault-related uplift and concomitant river incision. Our findings document that tectonic processes exert a significant control on landscape evolution during active continental extension and are reflected in both the topographic signature and the spatial pattern of erosion. In the Menderes Massif, rock susceptibility to weathering and erosion is a dominant factor that controls the erosional contribution to rock exhumation, which varies spatially between ∼10% and ∼50%.

scholarly journals Diachronous Tibetan Plateau landscape evolution derived from lava field geomorphology

Geology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Law ◽  
Mark B. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Tectonic Geomorphology ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Northern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Stepwise Evolution

Abstract Evolution of the Tibetan Plateau is important for understanding continental tectonics because of the plateau’s exceptional elevation (∼5 km above sea level) and crustal thickness (∼70 km). Patterns of long-term landscape evolution can constrain tectonic processes, but have been hard to quantify, in contrast to established data sets for strain, exhumation, and paleo-elevation. This study analyzes the relief of the bases and tops of 17 Cenozoic lava fields on the central and northern Tibetan Plateau. Analyzed fields have typical lateral dimensions of tens of kilometers, and so have an appropriate scale for interpreting tectonic geomorphology. Fourteen of the fields have not been deformed since eruption. One field is cut by normal faults; two others are gently folded, with limb dips <6°. Relief of the bases and tops of the fields is comparable to that of modern, internally drained parts of the plateau, and distinctly lower than that of externally drained regions. The lavas preserve a record of underlying low-relief bedrock landscapes at the time they were erupted, which have undergone little change since. There is an overlap in each area between younger published low-temperature thermochronology ages and the age of the oldest eruption in each area, here interpreted as the transition between the end of significant (>3 km) exhumation and plateau landscape development. This diachronous process took place between ∼32.5°N and ∼36.5°N and between ca. 40 Ma and ca. 10 Ma, advancing northwards at a long-term rate of ∼15 km/m.y. Results are consistent with incremental northward growth of the plateau, rather than a stepwise evolution or synchronous uplift.

scholarly journals Numerical modeling of diffusive heat transport across magnetic islands and highly stochastic layers

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 052501 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hölzl ◽  
S. Günter ◽  
Q. Yu ◽  
K. Lackner
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Magnetic Islands

From perched high elevation surfaces to sediment entering the foreland: the dynamics of erosion, deformation and landscape evolution in the Argentine Precordillera

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Hoke ◽  
Pedro Val ◽  
Gregory Ruetenik ◽  
Robert Moucha
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Detrital Zircons ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Cosmogenic Nuclide ◽  
Stratigraphic Record ◽  
Argentine Precordillera

<p>The geomorphic processes that control temporal and spatial patterns of erosion, sediment storage and evacuation in an active mountain range (source) have a direct impact on how the signal of tectonics and climate, are recorded in the adjacent sedimentary basins (sinks). Stream power based numerical models of landscape evolution predict strong time lags between rock uplift and waves of erosion in the foreland, but this is difficult to test without proper resolution between source and sink signals..  Confirmation of model results is typically gleaned through observations that are either snapshots of processes in modern systems, or inversion of the stratigraphic record to decipher what occurred in the uplands. While cosmogenic nuclide derived, catchment wide erosion rates in the modern rivers provide a snapshot of processes happening in the last thousands of years, thermochronmeters average over the ≥ millions of years it takes a rock to ascend from the closure isotherm to the Earth’s surface,making it difficult, if not impossible to capture a minimally time averaged signal of the geomorphic system in the stratigraphic record. Paleoerosion rates from the residual cosmogenic nuclide concentration of buried sediments offer a means to bridge the gap in resolution. </p><p> </p><p>This study combines numerical modeling and cosmogenic nuclide paleoerosion rates in the Argentine Precordillera to build a rich picture of how this foreland basin system, from the hinterland through the foreland basin evolves in time and space. Our modeling shows that the dynamics of wedge-top basin formation behind a rising, and then subsequently inactive range have profound and systematic effects on the geomorphic signals both upstream and downstream of the wedge-top basin. Downstream, it is clear that there are strong, million year time lags in the uplift-triggered erosive pulse and spatial controls on where the sediment delivered to the foreland is sourced. Upstream, aggradation in the wedge top leads to the development of a wave of low erosion into the hinterland that results in the creation of perched surfaces coeval to erosive pulses downstream. In the Argentine Precordillera at 30°S an 8 Ma record of paleoerosion rates from the wedge top and foreland basin deposits along with detrital zircons provenance in the foreland largely verifies the predictions of the numerical modeling. Similarly, upstream of the wedge-top basin, there are concordant knickpoints and large, broad planation surfaces perched some 1500 m above the floor of wedge top as predicted by the low erosion wave pulse. Our combination of numerical modeling and paleoerosion rates capture the dynamic evolution of mountain range at million to thousand year timescales. </p>

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