Research on the frontiers of materials science: The impact of nanotechnology on new material development

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 401-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Manoharan
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Material Development ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Impact

A Small Feature-Sized Organic interposer for 2.1D Packaging Solutions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 000619-000623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Romero ◽  
Jeongho Lee ◽  
Kyungseob Oh ◽  
Kyoungmoo Harr ◽  
Youngdo Kweon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
High Density ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
New Material ◽  
Small Feature ◽  
Global Interconnects ◽  
The Impact

The continuing advancement of semiconductor devices steadily increase the number of global interconnects and higher I/O counts thus driving more the importance of smaller feature size interconnects. One of the most difficult technical challenge for interconnects involves new material development, however, it is believed that mitigation of the impact of size scaling such as its aspect ratio (thickness/width) and spacing could fill the gap for high dense packaging requirement brought by Moore's Law. The next generation substrate design rules require a process capability with less than 50um pitch to accommodate leading-edge mobile applications such as Wide I/O memory-Logic packaging integration. In this paper, we describe an organic interposer that is capable of providing high density interface between chips with large I/O counts therefore could be an attractive low-cost 2.1D packaging solution. Our concept can demonstrate ultra fine line interconnects with width/space below 5um with microvias having pitch below 50um which can be effective solution for high density routing. This feature enables the ICs to be attached directly to the substrate therefore eliminating the need for a silicon interposer needed in conventional 2.5D package architecture. Microvia formation using photo-imageable material is another key feature of our organic interposer offering favorable cost efficiency for designs requiring very large numbers of microvias. The buildup layers could be vertically connected by microvias with min. 10um diameter using this process. Aside from the simplicity in supply chain, the high density organic interposer has the potential to meet both power and bandwidth requirement therefore can be considered an incremental move from conventional system-in-package providing flexibility in performance and yield capacity that allows integration of advanced logic and memory devices. We will present our various feasibility results of electrical/mechanical performance obtained from our fabricated test vehicles.

Tribological characteristics of AA8090-WC-ZrC metal matrix composites prepared by stir casting process for Aerospace applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-985
Author(s):  
Kalaiyarasan A ◽  
Sundaram S ◽  
Gunasekaran K ◽  
Bensam Raj J.
Keyword(s):  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Hybrid Particles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Aerospace field is demanding a material with superior strength and high resistance against wear, tear and corrosion. The current study aimed to develop a new material with high performance to be applicable in aerospace field Design/methodology/approach A metal matrix composite AA8090-WC-ZrC was fabricated using stir casting method and its tribological behavior was investigated. Totally, five composites viz. AA/Z, AA/W, AA/WZ (1:3), AA/WZ (1:1) & AA/WZ (3:1) were prepared. Micro hardness, tensile and wear study were performed on the fabricated composites and the results were compared with AA8090 alloy Findings Vickers hardness test resulted that the AA/W composite showed the higher hardness value of 160 HB compared to other materials due to the reinforcing effect of WC particles with high hardness. Tensile test reported that the AA/W composite displayed the maximum tensile strength of 502 MPa owing to the creation of more dislocation density. Further, wear study showed that the AA/W composite exhibited the least wear rate of 0.0011 mm3/m because of the more resisting force offered by the WC particles. Furthermore, the AA/W composite showed the slightest mass loss of 0.0028 g and lower COF value of 0.31 due to the hinder effect of WC particle to the movement of atoms in AA8090 alloy Originality/value This work is original in the field of aerospace engineering and materials science which deals with the fabrication of AA8090 alloy with the reinforcement particles such as tungsten carbide and zirconium carbide. The impact of the combination of hybrid particles and their volume fractions on the tribological properties has been investigated in this work. This work would provide new scientific information to society.

scholarly journals DESIGN DIRECTED ENGINEERING EDUCATION

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Yellowley ◽  
Peihua Gu
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Engineering Science ◽  
Engineering Curriculum ◽  
Turn On ◽  
New Material ◽  
Direct Student ◽  
The Impact

The authors examine the changes and opportunities in the educational environment that will occur as packaged courseware and virtual access to laboratories are assimilated into the engineering curriculum worldwide. The impact on Universities and in turn on Canadian industry will be major unless there is a coordinated effort that can turn the challenge into an opportunity. The opportunity, the authors believe, is to use this new material to allow innovative approaches to education that use Design to direct student learning. The major benefits would be a greater appreciation of technology and practice and significantly improved communication skills, (both of which are regarded as essential by industrial employers). The authors believe that the engineering science background would be enhanced rather than weakened by the approach suggested.

scholarly journals Study of Nanotechnology and Its Application

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sumit Kumar Gupta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Rapid Sampling ◽  
The Impact

Nanotechnology is new frontiers of this century. The world is facing great challenges in meeting rising demands for basic commodities(e.g., food, water and energy), finished goods (e.g., cellphones, cars and airplanes) and services (e.g., shelter, healthcare and employment) while reducing and minimizing the impact of human activities on Earth’s global environment and climate. Nanotechnology has emerged as a versatile platform that could provide efficient, cost-effective and environmentally acceptable solutions to the global sustainability challenges facing society. In recent years there has been a rapid increase in nanotechnology in the fields of medicine and more specifically in targeted drug delivery. Opportunities of utilizing nanotechnology to address global challenges in (1) water purification, (2) clean energy technologies, (3) greenhouse gases management, (4) materials supply and utilization, and (5) green manufacturing and hemistry. Smart delivery of nutrients, bio-separation of proteins, rapid sampling of biological and chemical contaminants, and nano encapsulation of nutraceuticals are some of the emerging topics of nanotechnology for food and agriculture. Nanotechnology is helping to considerably improve, even revolutionize, many technology and Industry sectors: information technology, energy, environmental science, medicine, homeland security, food safety, and transportation, among many others. Today’s nanotechnology harnesses current progress in chemistry, physics, materials science, and biotechnology to create novel materials that have unique properties because their structures are determined on the nanometer scale. This paper summarizes the various applications of nanotechnology in recent decades Nanotechnology is one of the leading scientific fields today since it combines knowledge from the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Medicine, Informatics, and Engineering. It is an emerging technological field with great potential to lead in great breakthroughs that can be applied in real life. Novel Nano and biomaterials, and Nano devices are fabricated and controlled by nanotechnology tools and techniques, which investigate and tune the properties, responses, and functions of living and non-living matter, at sizes below100 nm. The application and use of Nano materials in electronic and mechanical devices, in optical and magnetic components, quantum computing, tissue engineering, and other biotechnologies, with smallest features, widths well below 100 nm, are the economically most important parts of the nanotechnology nowadays and presumably in the near future. The number of Nano products is rapidly growing since more and more Nano engineered materials are reaching the global market the continuous revolution in nanotechnology will result in the fabrication of nanomaterial with properties and functionalities which are going to have positive changes in the lives of our citizens, be it in health, environment, electronics or any other field. In the energy generation challenge where the conventional fuel resources cannot remain the dominant energy source, taking into account the increasing consumption demand and the CO2 .Emissions alternative renewable energy sources based on new technologies have to be promoted. Innovative solar cell technologies that utilize nanostructured materials and composite systems such as organic photovoltaic offer great technological potential due to their attractive properties such as the potential of large-scale and low-cost roll-to-roll manufacturing processes

scholarly journals Two-dimensional based hybrid materials for photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbon fuels: A mini review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
Kannan Karthik ◽  
Devi Radhika ◽  
D. Gnanasangeetha ◽  
K. Gurushankar ◽  
Md Enamul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Conversion ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Material Composite

Carbon dioxide conversion to chemicals and fuels based on two-dimensional based hybrid materials will present a thorough discussion of the physics, chemistry, and electrochemical science behind the new and important area of materials science, energy, and environmental sustainability. The tremendous opportunities for two-dimensional based hybrid materials in the photocatalytic carbon dioxide conversion field come up from their huge number of applications. In the carbon dioxide conversion field, nanostructured metal oxide with a two-dimensional material composite system must meet assured design and functional criteria, as well as electrical and mechanical properties. The whole content of the proposed review is anticipated to build on what has been learned in elementary courses about synthesizing two-dimensional nanomaterials, metal oxide with composites, carbon dioxide conversion requirements, uses of two-dimensional materials with nanocomposites in carbon dioxide conversion as well as fuels and the major mechanisms involved during each application. The impact of hybrid materials and synergistic composite mixtures which are used extensively or show promising outcomes in the photocatalytic carbon dioxide conversion field will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Novel Synthesis of Core-Shell Biomaterials from Polymeric Filaments with a Bioceramic Coating for Biomedical Applications

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina-Andreea Dascalu ◽  
Florin Miculescu ◽  
Aura-Catalina Mocanu ◽  
Andreea Elena Constantinescu ◽  
Tudor Mihai Butte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Shell Structures ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
New Material

Bone tissue engineering is constantly in need of new material development with improved biocompatibility or mechanical features closer to those of natural bone. Other important factors are the sustainability, cost, and origin of the natural precursors involved in the technological process. This study focused on two widely used polymers in tissue engineering, namely polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), as well as bovine-bone-derived hydroxyapatite (HA) for the manufacturing of core-shell structures. In order to embed the ceramic particles on the polymeric filaments surface, the materials were introduced in an electrical oven at various temperatures and exposure times and under various pressing forces. The obtained core-shell structures were characterized in terms of morphology and composition, and a pull-out test was used to demonstrate the particles adhesion on the polymeric filaments structure. Thermal properties (modulated temperature and exposure time) and the pressing force’s influence upon HA particles’ insertion degree were evaluated. More to the point, the form variation factor and the mass variation led to the optimal technological parameters for the synthesis of core-shell materials for prospect additive manufacturing and regenerative medicine applications.

scholarly journals The Effects of Silica-Based Fillers on the Properties of Epoxy Molding Compounds

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitja Linec ◽  
Branka Mušič
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Spiral Flow ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Molding Compounds ◽  
Material Development ◽  
The Impact

Global design and manufacturing of the materials with superb properties remain one of the greatest challenges on the market. The future progress is orientated towards researches into the material development for the production of composites of better mechanical properties to the existing materials. In the field of advanced composites, epoxy molding compounds (EMCs) have attained dominance among the common materials due to their excellent properties that can be altered by adding different fillers. One of the main fillers is often based on silicon dioxide (SiO2). The concept of this study was to evaluate the effects of the selected silica-based fillers on the thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of EMCs. Various types of fillers with SiO2, including crystalline silica and fused silica, were experimentally studied to clarify the impact of filler on final product. Fillers with different shape (scanning electron microscope, SEM), along with different specific surface area (specific surface area analyzer, BET method) and different chemical structure, were tested to explore their modifications on the EMCs. The influence of the fillers on the compound materials was determined with the spiral flow length (spiral flow test, EMMI), glass transition temperature (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC), and the viscosity (Torque Rheometer) of the composites.

The Impact of EDS In Materials Science Microanalysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
D. B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalyzer ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscope ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
Excellent Energy Resolution ◽  
The Impact

Since its invention in 1968, the EDS has played an essential role in X-ray analysis of materials, at the micrometer level, in the electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). In the EPMA, the characteristic X-ray intensity from bulk specimens is sufficient that, despite its very small collection angle, the wavelength dispersive spectrometer (WDS) can also be used. Given the excellent energy resolution of the WDS it has often been the spectrometer of choice for bulk quantitative X-ray microanalysis. Therefore, the most important role of the EDS has been in X-ray microanalysis of thin specimens in the analytical electron microscope (AEM) because, in an AEM, the limited confines of the stage mean that EDS is the only viable spectrometer. Since the pioneering work of Cliff and Lorimer in the 1970s, EDS has been the method by which all high spatial resolution X-ray microanalysis of thin foils has been performed.

Castaing’s Electron Microprobe and Its Impact on Materials Science

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale E. Newbury
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Materials Engineering ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Abstract The development of the electron microprobe by Raymond Castaing provided a great stimulus to materials science at a critical time in its history. For the first time, accurate elemental analysis could be performed with a spatial resolution of 1 µm, well within the dimensions of many microstructural features. The impact of the microprobe occurred across the entire spectrum of materials science and engineering. Contributions to the basic infrastructure of materials science included more accurate and efficient determination of phase diagrams and diffusion coefficients. The study of the microstructure of alloys was greatly enhanced by electron microprobe characterization of major, minor, and trace phases, including contamination. Finally, the electron microprobe has proven to be a critical tool for materials engineering, particularly to study failures, which often begin on a micro-scale and then propagate to the macro-scale with catastrophic results.

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