Investigation of optimal manufacturing process for freeze-dried formulations: Observation of frozen solutions by low temperature X-ray diffraction measurements

2005 ◽  
Vol 431 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Egawa ◽  
Etsuo Yonemochi ◽  
Katsuhide Terada
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Frozen Solutions

Micro X-Ray Diffraction Study of Polycrystalline MgB 2 Wire and Evaluation of Carbon Doping Effect Via Low-Temperature Sintering

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Maeda ◽  
Dipak Patel, Dr. ◽  
Hiroaki Kumakura, Dr. ◽  
Gen Nishijima, Dr. ◽  
Akiyoshi Matsumoto, Dr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Study ◽  
Carbon Doping ◽  
Doping Effect ◽  
Low Temperature Sintering ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The Application of X-Ray Diffraction at Elevated Temperatures to Study the Mechanism of Formation of Sodium Tripolyphosphate

1961 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 276-284
Author(s):  
E. L. Moore ◽  
J. S. Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Amorphous Phase ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Form ◽  
High Temperature Form

AbstractHigh-temperature X-ray diffraction techniques were employed to study the condensation reactions which occur when sodium orthophosphates are heated to 380°C. Crystalline Na4P2O7 and an amorphous phase were formed first from an equimolar mixture of Na2HPO4·NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 at temperatures above 150°C. Further heating resulted in the formation of Na5P3O10-I (high-temperature form) at the expense of the crystalline Na4P4O7 and amorphous phase. Crystalline Na5P3O10-II (low-temperature form) appears after Na5P3O10-I.Conditions which affect the yield of crystalline Na4P2O7 and amorphous phase as intermediates and their effect on the yield of Na5P3O10 are also presented.

scholarly journals X-ray diffraction analysis of kaolin M1 and M2 via the Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 174751982098472
Author(s):  
Lalmi Khier ◽  
Lakel Abdelghani ◽  
Belahssen Okba ◽  
Djamel Maouche ◽  
Lakel Said
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Integral Breadth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mullite Phase

Kaolin M1 and M2 studied by X-ray diffraction focus on the mullite phase, which is the main phase present in both products. The Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods for determining the crystallite size and microstrains of integral breadth β are calculated by the FullProf program. The integral breadth ( β) is a mixture resulting from the microstrains and size effect, so this should be taken into account during the calculation. The Williamson–Hall chart determines whether the sample is affected by grain size or microstrain. It appears very clearly that the principal phase of the various sintered kaolins, mullite, is free from internal microstrains. It is the case of the mixtures fritted at low temperature (1200 °C) during 1 h and also the case of the mixtures of the type chamotte cooks with 1350 °C during very long times (several weeks). This result is very significant as it gives an element of explanation to a very significant quality of mullite: its mechanical resistance during uses at high temperature remains.

Silicate-germanate K2Y[(Si3Ge)O10(OH)] with unusual complex corrugated layer and its correlation to ring silicate gerenite and chain silicate chkalovite

2020 ◽  
Vol 235 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Anastasiia P. Topnikova ◽  
Elena L. Belokoneva ◽  
Olga V. Dimitrova ◽  
Anatoly S. Volkov ◽  
Leokadiya V. Zorina
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Complex Anion ◽  
Diffraction Experiment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Chain Silicate ◽  
Novel Complex

AbstractA new silicate-germanate K2Y[(Si3Ge)O10(OH)] was synthesized hydrothermally in a system Y2O3:GeO2:SiO2 = 1:1:2 (T = 280 °C; P = 90–100 atm.); K2CO3 was added to the solution as a mineralizer. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment was carried out at low temperature (150 K). The unit cell parameters are a = 10.4975(4), b = 6.9567(2), c = 15.4001(6) Å, β = 104.894(4)°; V = 1086.86(7) Å3; space group is P 21/c. A novel complex anion is presented by corrugated (Si,Ge) tetrahedral layers connected by couples of YO6 octahedra into the mixed microporous framework with the channels along b and a axes, the maximal size of cross-section is ~5.6 Å. This structure has similarity with the two minerals: ring silicate gerenite (Ca,Na)2(Y,REE)3Si6O18 · 2H2O and chain silicate chkalovite Na2BeSi2O6. Six-member rings with 1̅ symmetry as in gerenite are distinguished in the new layer. They are mutually perpendicular to each other and connected by additional tetrahedra. Straight crossing chains in chkalovite change to zigzag four-link chains in the new silicate-germanate layer.

scholarly journals Thermal, Structural, and Physical Properties of Freeze Dried Tropical Fruit Powder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Athmaselvi ◽  
C. Kumar ◽  
M. Balasubramanian ◽  
Ishita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Fruit Powder ◽  
Lcr Meter

This study evaluates the physical properties of freeze dried tropical (guava, sapota, and papaya) fruit powders. Thermal stability and weight loss were evaluated using TGA-DSC and IR, which showed pectin as the main solid constituent. LCR meter measured electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss factor. Functional groups assessed by FTIR showed presence of chlorides, and O–H and N–H bonds in guava, chloride and C–H bond in papaya, and chlorides, and C=O and C–H bonds in sapota. Particle size and type of starch were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and microstructure through scanning electronic microscopy. A semicrystalline profile and average particle size of the fruit powders were evidenced by X-ray diffraction and lamellar/spherical morphologies by SEM. Presence of A-type starch was observed in all three fruits. Dependence of electric and dielectric properties on frequency and temperature was observed.

scholarly journals c-Perpendicular Orientation of Poly(ʟ-lactide) Films

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1572
Author(s):  
Baku Nagendra ◽  
Paola Rizzo ◽  
Christophe Daniel ◽  
Lucia Baldino ◽  
Gaetano Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Film Plane ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
High Transparency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystalline Forms ◽  
Induced Crystallization

Poly(ʟ-lactide) (PLLA) films, even of high thickness, exhibiting co-crystalline and crystalline α phases with their chain axes preferentially perpendicular to the film plane (c⊥ orientation) have been obtained. This c⊥ orientation, unprecedented for PLLA films, can be achieved by the crystallization of amorphous films as induced by low-temperature sorption of molecules being suitable as guests of PLLA co-crystalline forms, such as N,N-dimethylformamide, cyclopentanone or 1,3-dioxolane. This kind of orientation is shown and quantified by two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction (2D-WAXD) patterns, as taken with the X-ray beam parallel to the film plane (EDGE patterns), which present all the hk0 arcs centered on the meridian. PLLA α-form films, as obtained by low-temperature guest-induced crystallization, also exhibit high transparency, being not far from those of the starting amorphous films.

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