Growth of Fe on Ge(111) at room temperature studied by X-ray photoelectron diffraction

2007 ◽  
Vol 601 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.G. Chu ◽  
A. Tsuruta ◽  
M. Owari ◽  
Y. Nihei
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photoelectron Diffraction

STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION OF THE Si/Cu(110) INTERFACE BY PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION

1997 ◽  
Vol 04 (06) ◽  
pp. 1331-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ROJAS ◽  
J. A. MARTÍn-GAGO ◽  
E. ROMÁN ◽  
G. PAOLUCCI ◽  
B. BRENA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Structural Determination ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photoelectron Diffraction ◽  
First Order ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Laboratory Source

Deposition of 0.5 Si monolayer (ML) on a Cu (110) surface at room temperature (RT) leads to the formation of a c(2×2) LEED pattern. In order to find out the surface atomic structure of this ordered phase, X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) azimuthal scans at different photon energies and full hemispherical XPD patterns of the Si 2 p core level have been measured using both synchrotron radiation and a laboratory source. We present an atomic model for the surface structure based on the examination of forward scattering and first order interference XPD features. Refinement of the structural parameters was achieved by performing single scattering cluster (SSC) calculations. In the proposed model Si atoms replace Cu atoms at the surface along the [Formula: see text] atomic rows.

scholarly journals ANGLE-SCANNED PHOTOEMISSION ON YbHx: RELEVANCE FOR SWITCHABLE MIRRORS

2002 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. HAYOZ ◽  
C. KOITZSCH ◽  
D. POPOVIĆ ◽  
M. BOVET ◽  
D. NAUMOVIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Switching ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Reaction Cell ◽  
Metal Insulator Transition ◽  
Metal Insulator ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photoelectron Diffraction ◽  
Low Energy Electron Diffraction ◽  
Low Energy Electron

Yttrium, lantanum and rare earth elements can be loaded with hydrogen inducing a metal–insulator transition and giving rise to optical switching from reflecting to transparent. We present angle-scanned photoemission experiments characterizing thin YbH x films grown on W(110) at room temperature. Hydrogen loading is performed in an ultrahigh-vacuum-compatible high pressure (1 bar) reaction cell. Via full-hemispherical X-ray photoelectron diffraction and low energy electron diffraction, it is demonstrated that these films grow well-ordered and single-crystalline. Ultraviolet photoemission reveals a gap for the dihydride phase confirming a transition from reflecting to transparent as seen by visual inspection. Ion implantation through additional H+ sputtering allows one to increase the hydrogen content to x ≈ 2.4.

scholarly journals Break of symmetry at the surface of IrTe2 upon phase transition measured by X-ray photoelectron diffraction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Rumo ◽  
Aki Pulkkinen ◽  
KeYuan Ma ◽  
Fabian von Rohr ◽  
Matthias Muntwiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Atomic Position ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photoelectron Diffraction ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
First Order Phase

Abstract IrTe2 undergoes a series of charge-ordered phase transitions below room temperature that are characterized by the formation of stripes of Ir dimers of different periodicities. Full hemispherical X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) experiments have been performed to investigate the atomic position changes undergone near the surface of 1T−IrTe2 in the first-order phase transition, from the (1 × 1) phase to the (5 × 1) phase. Comparison between experiment and simulation allows us to identify the consequence of the dimerization on the Ir atoms local environment. We report that XPD permits to unveil the break of symmetry of IrTe2 trigonal to a monoclonic unit cell and confirm the occurence of the (5 × 1) reconstruction within the first few layers below the surface with a staircase-like stacking of dimers.

Structural analysis of Co thin films grown on Ge(111) at room temperature by x-ray photoelectron diffraction

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tsuruta ◽  
W. G. Chu ◽  
K. Tamura ◽  
H. Ishii ◽  
M. Owari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photoelectron Diffraction

NEAR EDGE X-RAY ABSORPTION AND X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION STUDIES OF THE STRUCTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF Ge–Si SYSTEMS

2000 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 307-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. CASTRUCCI ◽  
R. GUNNELLA ◽  
N. PINTO ◽  
R. BERNARDINI ◽  
M. DE CRESCENZI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photoelectron Diffraction ◽  
Structural Environment ◽  
Structural And Electronic Properties ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Near edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) and Auger electron diffraction (AED) are powerful techniques for the qualitative study of the structural and electronic properties of several systems. The recent development of a multiple scattering approach to simulating experimental spectra opened a friendly way to the study of structural environments of solids and surfaces. This article reviews recent X-ray absorption experiments using synchrotron radiation which were performed at Ge L edges and core level electron diffraction measurements obtained using a traditional X-ray source from Ge core levels for ultrathin Ge films deposited on silicon substrates. Thermodynamics and surface reconstruction have been found to play a crucial role in the first stages of Ge growth on Si(001) and Si(111) surfaces. Both techniques show the occurrence of intermixing processes even for room-temperature-grown Ge/Si(001) samples and give a straightforward measurement of the overlayer tetragonal distortion. The effects of Sb as a surfactant on the Ge/Si(001) interface have also been investigated. In this case, evidence of layer-by-layer growth of the fully strained Ge overlayer with a reduced intermixing is obtained when one monolayer of Sb is predeposited on the surface.

X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION STUDY OF A LONG-RANGE-ORDERED ACETATE LAYER ON Ni(110)

2000 ◽  
Vol 07 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. NOWICKI ◽  
A. EMUNDTS ◽  
J. WERNER ◽  
G. PIRUG ◽  
H. P. BONZEL
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Solid Angle ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Real Space ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photoelectron Diffraction ◽  
Acetate Complex ◽  
Cluster Calculations ◽  
Model Layer ◽  
Good Agreement

An investigation of acetic acid adsorption on Ni(110) at room temperature by LEED and X-ray photoelectron diffraction reveals a well-ordered c(2 × 2) acetate overlayer with a molecular coverage near 0.5. Large solid angle maps of angle-resolved C 1s and O 1s intensities from this layer show intense maxima due to electron forward scattering by nearby atoms, either of the same acetate or of neighboring acetate species. The data provide strong evidence for acetate in a bidentate configuration, bonded through both oxygen atoms to the surface and aligned along the [Formula: see text] surface azimuth. A real space model for the c(2 × 2) acetate layer has been derived and single scattering cluster calculations for this model layer have been carried out for C 1s and O 1s emissions. Allowing for changes in intramolecular bond length of the acetate relative to those in a Ni-acetate complex, good agreement between experimental and theoretical C 1s and O 1s distributions was obtained.

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

Opening images of synaptic vesicles and calcium localization by means of microwave fixation method

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
Vinci Mizuhira ◽  
Hiroshi Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Potassium Oxalate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Microwave Fixation

Microwave irradiation (MWI) was applied to 0.3 to 1 cm3 blocks of rat central nervous system at 2.45 GHz/500W for about 20 sec in a fixative, at room temperature. Fixative composed of 2% paraformaldehyde, 0.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer at pH 7.4, also contained 2 mM of CaCl2 , 1 mM of MgCl2, and 0.1% of tannic acid for conventional observation; and fuether 30-90 mM of potassium oxalate containing fixative was applied for the detection of calcium ion localization in cells. Tissue blocks were left in the same fixative for 30 to 180 min after MWI at room temperature, then proceeded to the sampling procedure, after postfixed with osmium tetroxide, embedded in Epon. Ultrathin sections were double stained with an useal manner. Oxalate treated sections were devided in two, stained and unstained one. The later oxalate treated unstained sections were analyzed with electron probe X-ray microanalyzer, the EDAX-PU-9800, at 40 KV accelerating voltage for 100 to 200 sec with point or selected area analyzing methods.

Evidence for ordered Fe3Ni

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
K.B. Reuter ◽  
D.B. Williams ◽  
J.I. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Transformation Product ◽  
Iron Meteorites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ni Content ◽  
Temperature Transformation

In the Fe-Ni system, although ordered FeNi and ordered Ni3Fe are experimentally well established, direct evidence for ordered Fe3Ni is unconvincing. Little experimental data for Fe3Ni exists because diffusion is sluggish at temperatures below 400°C and because alloys containing less than 29 wt% Ni undergo a martensitic transformation at room temperature. Fe-Ni phases in iron meteorites were examined in this study because iron meteorites have cooled at slow rates of about 10°C/106 years, allowing phase transformations below 400°C to occur. One low temperature transformation product, called clear taenite 2 (CT2), was of particular interest because it contains less than 30 wtZ Ni and is not martensitic. Because CT2 is only a few microns in size, the structure and Ni content were determined through electron diffraction and x-ray microanalysis. A Philips EM400T operated at 120 kV, equipped with a Tracor Northern 2000 multichannel analyzer, was used.

Electron Microscope study of commensurate-incommensurate phase transition in BaZnGeO4

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
Naoki Yamamoto ◽  
Makoto Kikuchi ◽  
Tooru Atake ◽  
Akihiro Hamano ◽  
Yasutoshi Saito
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
Ferroelectric Materials ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Periodic Arrays ◽  
Modulation Wave Vector

BaZnGeO4 undergoes many phase transitions from I to V phase. The highest temperature phase I has a BaAl2O4 type structure with a hexagonal lattice. Recent X-ray diffraction study showed that the incommensurate (IC) lattice modulation appears along the c axis in the III and IV phases with a period of about 4c, and a commensurate (C) phase with a modulated period of 4c exists between the III and IV phases in the narrow temperature region (—58°C to —47°C on cooling), called the III' phase. The modulations in the IC phases are considered displacive type, but the detailed structures have not been studied. It is also not clear whether the modulation changes into periodic arrays of discommensurations (DC’s) near the III-III' and IV-V phase transition temperature as found in the ferroelectric materials such as Rb2ZnCl4.At room temperature (III phase) satellite reflections were seen around the fundamental reflections in a diffraction pattern (Fig.1) and they aligned along a certain direction deviated from the c* direction, which indicates that the modulation wave vector q tilts from the c* axis. The tilt angle is about 2 degree at room temperature and depends on temperature.

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