Conservation tillage for cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) production in the tropics

2011 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnson Toyin Fasinmirin ◽  
José Miguel Reichert
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
The Tropics

scholarly journals Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico X1. Cassava.

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Edmundo Rivera ◽  
Fernando Abruña ◽  
José Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
The Tropics

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), one of the major sources of carbohydrates throughout the tropics, was found to be very tolerant to high soil acidity in two Ultisols and one Oxisol. About 85% of maximum yields were obtained when Al saturation of the effective cation exchange capacity of the soil was around 60%, but highest yields were attained at about pH 5.3 with no exchangeable Al. Soil acidity factors did not affect the chemical composition of the cassava leaves, except for Mn, which increased with decreasing pH of the Oxisol. Tolerance of cassava to soil acidity was also confirmed by the fact that yields of 12 commercial varieties were not affected by Al saturation levels varying from 0 to 60% in an Ultisol.

scholarly journals Fungi and Aflatoxin Levels in Traditionally Processed Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Products in Homa Bay County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Boniface Oure Obong’o ◽  
George Ayodo ◽  
Fanuel Kawaka ◽  
Morelly Kathy Adalla
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Candida Rugosa ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
East African ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Traditional Processing ◽  
The Tropics

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major source of carbohydrates, calcium, vitamins (B and C), and essential minerals and is the third most important source of calories in the tropics. However, it is not clear if the traditional processing methods expose the products to microbial contamination. This study assessed the levels of fungi and aflatoxin contamination in traditionally processed cassava products (Akuoga and Abeta). A total of 38 samples were collected from the local markets in 7 subcounties in Homa Bay County, Kenya. The levels of aflatoxin were determined using an indirect competitive ELISA protocol. Yeast and mould contamination was determined using ISO 21527-2 method. Mean aflatoxin levels in chopped, fermented, and sun-dried cassava (Akuoga) were 0.36 μg/kg compared to 0.25 μg/kg in chopped and sun-dried (Abeta) products. Aflatoxin contamination was detected in 55% of the samples and ranged from 0–5.33 μg/kg. These levels are within 10 μg/kg recommended by the CODEX STAN 193-1995. Yeast and mould counts in fermented and chopped sun-dried products were 3.16 log Cfu/g and 2.92 log Cfu/g, respectively. The yeast and mould counts were above standards set by East African Standard 739:2010 in 62% (Akuoga) and 58% (Abeta). The most prevalent fungal species were Saccharomyces cerevisiae (68.4%) and Candida rugosa (68%) followed by Candida parapsilosis (18.4%), Candida tropicalis (15.8%), Candida humilis (15.8%), and Aspergillus spp. (5.3%). Aspergillus spp. was the only mycotoxigenic mould isolated from the samples. The study shows that cassava consumers are exposed to the risk of aflatoxin poisoning. The study, therefore, recommends appropriate surveillance to ensure safety standards.

scholarly journals Characterization of Irradiation Induced Mutants of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Generated from Jame-jame and Adira-4 Genotypes at M1V2 Generation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nurul Khumaida ◽  
Sintho Wahyuning Ardie ◽  
Mira Sri Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
The Tropics

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz., Euphorbiaceae) is an important dietary carbohydrate source for approximately 800 million people in the tropics. It is a potential crop for food, feed, and industry. Cassava breeding through conventional approaches are hampered with some limitations which resulted in a low number of superior varieties. The objective of this research was to generate several mutant lines with higher yield and starch content. This research intended to identify the second generation (M1V2) Jame-jame and Adira-4 variant cassava mutants from gamma ray irradiation. Jame-jame is a local genotype from Halmahera (local high yielding genotype, sweet, and potential)  and Adira-4 is an Indonesia national variety of cassava. Mutant diversity appears on the plant height, plant branching, and plant tubers that harvested at 10 months after planting (MAP). Our results showed the positive correlation between plant height, first branching height, tuber weight, number of roots, and number of economic roots. Based on tuber weight and number of economic tuber there were 9 potential mutants (putative).  Based on the stability test, there were 6 potential stable mutants (putative) by first branching height, tuber weight, total number of tubers, and total number of economies tuber, namely: V5D1-(2), V5D1-2(2), V5D1-3(2), V5D1-4(3), V5D2-2(2), and V5D2-6(2). Keywords: local genotype, M1V2, storage root, characters,  stability.

scholarly journals Energy flow analysis and the study of Manihot esculenta Crantz

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio F. Morán
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract This paper makes use of energy flow language. It discusses how this energetics approach can be useful in research having to do with the interactions between man and the environment. All life processes have energy as their common denominator. The paper shows how this methodological approach aids in field preparation, organizes research while in the field and helps in the analysis of data. A discussion of manioc as an essential plant for man in the tropics is presented, and the myths surrounding the plant are indicated and recent research finds put in context. The potential of manioc as a food of the future is presented and suggestions are made for an energetics approach to the plant in situ. The plant's potential needs to be studied in the context of the real world in which tropical man utilizes it. Energetic models are presented as guides to the study of the plant as a system producing food.

CONCENTRADO PROTEICO OBTIDO DAS FOLHAS DE MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) DE TRÊS VARIEDADES COMERCIAIS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Aparecida Soares ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Téo ◽  
Carlise DEBASTIANI ◽  
Suzymeire BARONI ◽  
Vanessa Silva RETUCI
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar diferenças entre rendimento do concentrado proteico e proteína bruta da folha da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtidos a partir de três variedades comerciais: branca, cascuda e vermelha. As manivas foram plantadas seguindo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Nas comparações entre as variedades, considerou coletas escalonadas pós-plantio, realizadas aos 12, 14 e 16 meses. O concentrado proteico foi obtido a partir da farinha das folhas inteiras e submetido ao método de termo - coagulação ácido e a proteína bruta pelo método padrão AOAC. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey - 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não indicaram diferença significativa entre as médias obtidas para rendimento de concentrado proteico. Para a variável porcentagem de proteína bruta a variedade Branca foi a que apresentou maior valor, com média de 46,25%, seguida pela Cascuda e Vermelha, 44,52% e 37,30%, sucessivamente. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem avaliar condições que possam influenciar no teor de proteína foliar, como clima e solo, e, avaliar os níveis de ácido cianídrico de cada variedade, indicando qual das três é a melhor para a extração do concentrado proteico das folhas. Palavras chaves: Manihot esculenta Crantz, variedades comerciais, concentrado proteico, proteína bruta. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to assess the differences between income protein concentrate, crude protein of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtained from three commercial varieties: white, red and cascuda. The cuttings were planted following the completely randomized design with three replications. Comparisons between the varieties considered after planting staggered collections, held on 12, 14 and 16 months. The protein concentrate was obtained from flour of whole sheets and subjected to the term method - acid coagulation and crude protein by AOAC standard method. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test - 5% probability. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean values obtained for protein concentrate income. For the variable percentage of crude protein White variety showed the highest, with an average of 46.25%, followed by cascuda and Red, 44.52% and 37.30%, successively. We conclude that further studies should evaluate conditions that may affect the leaf protein content, such as climate and soil, and evaluate the hydrocyanic acid levels of each variety, indicating which of the three is the best for the extraction of protein concentrate from leaves Key words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, commercial varieties, protein concentrate, crude protein.

MODELAGEM DA CINÉTICA DE SECAGEM EM FÉCULAS DE MANDIOCA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barros Sâmela Leal ◽  
Santos Newton Carlos ◽  
Araújo Thaís Jaciane ◽  
Melo Mylena Olga Pessoa ◽  
Nascimento Amanda Priscila Silva
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

CONJUNTURA DO MERCADO DA MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) NO BRASIL E NO ESTADO DO PARÁ

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brochado Maura Gabriela da Silva ◽  
Botelho Matheus Gabriel Lopes ◽  
Souza Camila Eduarda Sousa de ◽  
Nunes Mariana Lameira ◽  
Ferreira Leonardo Elias
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Seleksi Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) Lokal Berdaya Hasil Tinggi Asal Indonesia berdasarkan Karakter Umbi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Fadhillah Laila ◽  
Budi Waluyo ◽  
Agung Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Indonesia memiliki kekayaan plasma nutfah ubi kayu yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Ubi kayu mengandung karbohidrat tinggi dan berperan dalam diversifikasi pangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menyeleksi 80 varietas ubi kayu budidaya lokal asal berbagai wilayah di Indonesia yang berpotensi hasil tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 80 aksesi ubi kayu dari seluruh pulau-pulau besar di Indonesia yang disusun dalam rancangan Augmented dengan 3 tanaman kontrol per baris. Penelitian dilakukan dari Juli 2013-November 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik dan fenotipik yang luas pada ubi kayu asal Indonesia berdasarkan karakter umbi. Potensi genetik berdasarkan karakter hasil dan komponen hasil terkategorikan tinggi dengan nilai heritabilitas 0,59-0,75. Uji lanjut LSI (Least Significant Increase) menyeleksi aksesi yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi pada karakter umbi diantaranya karakter jumlah ubi/tanaman pada aksesi 563, 570, dan 599. Karakter bobot ubi/tanaman pada aksesi 507,563, 598, dan 541. Karakter bobot/ubi pada aksesi aksesi 534,528 dan 541. Karakter bobot ubi/plot pada aksesi 629. Karakter potensi hasil pada aksesi 629. Hal ini dapat memberikan informasi mengenai diversitas genetik aksesi-aksesi ubi kayu lokal Indonesia sehingga dapat dievaluasi untuk didapatkan hasil tinggi ubi kayu untuk diversifikasi pangan.

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