Seasonal variations in soil erosion resistance during concentrated flow for a loess-derived soil under two contrasting tillage practices

2007 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
A KNAPEN ◽  
J POESEN ◽  
S DEBAETS
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Concentrated Flow

scholarly journals Variations in Soil Erosion Resistance of Gully Head Along a 25-Year Revegetation Age on the Loess Plateau

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3301
Author(s):  
Zhuoxin Chen ◽  
Mingming Guo ◽  
Wenlong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Critical Shear Stress ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Concentrated Flow ◽  
Detachment Rate ◽  
Gully Head

The effects of vegetation restoration on soil erosion resistance of gully head, along a revegetation age gradient, remain poorly understood. Hence, we collected undisturbed soil samples from a slope farmland and four grasslands with different revegetation ages (3, 10, 18, 25 years) along gully heads. Then, these samples were used to obtain soil detachment rate of gully heads by the hydraulic flume experiment under five unit width flow discharges (2–6 m3 h). The results revealed that soil properties were significantly ameliorated and root density obviously increased in response to restoration age. Compared with farmland, soil detachment rate of revegetated gully heads decreased 35.5% to 66.5%, and the sensitivity of soil erosion of the gully heads to concentrated flow decreased with revegetation age. The soil detachment rate of gully heads was significantly related to the soil bulk density, soil disintegration rate, capillary porosity, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, organic matter content and water stable aggregate. The roots of 0–0.5 and 0.5–1.0 mm had the highest benefit in reducing soil loss of gully head. After revegetation, soil erodibility of gully heads decreased 31.0% to 78.6%, and critical shear stress was improved by 1.2 to 4.0 times. The soil erodibility and critical shear stress would reach a stable state after an 18-years revegetation age. These results allow us to better evaluate soil vulnerability of gully heads to concentrated flow erosion and the efficiency of revegetation.

scholarly journals Erosion Control in the Sustainable Cultivation of Maize (Zea mays L.) and Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Two Stages of the Agricultural Cycle in Southern Guatemala

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4654
Author(s):  
Rafael Blanco Sepúlveda ◽  
Francisco Enríquez Narváez
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Erosion Threshold ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Vegetal Cover

Agricultural intensification in the mountains of Central America has increased soil vulnerability to erosion by water. This study was undertaken to analyse the erosion that affects the mixed cultivation of maize and beans at two stages of the crop development cycle (at 3 and 6 months after sowing) in southern Guatemala, together with the influence of the ground and crop canopy vegetal cover on soil erosion. The main aim of this analysis is to establish the soil erosion threshold enabling sustainable agriculture. The results obtained show that the soil surface was severely eroded, with mean values of area affected of 88.4% and 73.5% at 3 and 6 months, respectively. In the 3-month plots, the erosion bore scant relation to the factors analysed. Conversely, the area affected by soil erosion in the 6-month plots was significantly related to the degree of ground cover by weeds and litter, and the erosion threshold was located at 80% of vegetal cover. However, plots with this level of cover did not achieve effective erosion control, due to the low level of plant litter cover (15.7%) compared to that of weeds (75.5%). We conclude that this low content of vegetal residue in the soil, together with the tillage practices employed, explains the large surface area affected by erosion and the impossibility of establishing an erosion threshold.

Effects of different tillage practices on the hydraulic resistance of concentrated flow on the Loess Plateau in China

CATENA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 104293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqian Sun ◽  
Gerard Govers ◽  
Mingxin Shi ◽  
Yanbin Zhai ◽  
Faqi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Concentrated Flow

The Temporal Dynamics of Cynodon Dactylon Soil - Root System in Soil Conservation and Slope Reinforcement

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 675-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Fang Qing Chen ◽  
Jin Xia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Slope Reinforcement ◽  
Riparian Species

Cynodon dactylon has become a dominant riparian species in the reservoir region after the Three Gorges project was finished. In order to determine the effect of the species in soil conservation and slope reinforcement and the variation over time, the soil erosion resistance and shear strength of plants soil-root systems were tested during different seasons in a year through control experiment. Results showed that C. dactylon roots enhanced significantly soil conservation and slope reinforcement. The tensile strength of C. dactylon roots reached from 65.34 to 91.22Kpa/mm2 after three to twelve month growth, so did the soil erosion resistance coefficient from 0.34 to 0.86, shear strength from 20.82 to 25.98Kpa increasing by 39.62%, 154.90% and 24.74% respectively. We conclude that the temporal dynamics of C. dactylon roots influenced the performance of soil-root system in soil conservation and slope reinforcement.

scholarly journals Applying the RUSLE and ISUM in the Tierra de Barros Vineyards (Extremadura, Spain) to Estimate Soil Mobilisation Rates

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Barrena-González ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
Yeboah Gyasi-Agyei ◽  
Manuel Pulido Fernández ◽  
Artemi Cerdà
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Depletion ◽  
Mapping Techniques

Spain is one of the largest wine producers in the world, with Extremadura (south-west Spain) being its second-largest producing region after Castilla La Mancha. Within Extremadura, the most traditional and productive viticulture region is the Tierra de Barros, which boasts an annual production of 3×106 litres. However, no soil erosion assessment has been undertaken in any vineyard in the region to ascertain environmental sustainability. Therefore, the Improved Stock Unearthing Method (ISUM) and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) were applied to assess the long-term soil erosion rates. Both methods were applied using an experimental plot (2.8 m × 148.5 m) encompassing 99 paired vines in a 20-year-old vineyard under a tillage management system and on bare soils throughout the year. The ISUM and RUSLE found total soil mobilization values of 45.7 Mg ha−1 yr−1 and 17.4 Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively, a difference of about 5 times. Mapping techniques showed that soil surface declined to an average of −6.2 cm, with maximum values of −28 cm. The highest values of soil depletion were mainly observed in the upper part and the form of linear features following the hillslope direction. On the other hand, under the vines, the soil surface level showed accumulations of up to +2.37 cm due to tillage practices. Our study demonstrated the potential of high soil erosion rates occurring in conventional vineyards managed with tillage in the inter-row areas and herbicides under the vines within the Tierra de Barros. Also, we demonstrated the elevated differences in soil mobilisation rates using the ISUM and RUSLE. Therefore, further research must be conducted in other vineyards to determine the suitability of the models for assessing soil erosion rates. Undoubtedly, soil conservation measures must be designed and applied immediately due to high erosion rates.

Vertical variation of soil erosion resistance in the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Stream Power ◽  
Vertical Variation ◽  
The Three Gorges ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Water Level Fluctuation Zone ◽  
Soil And Water

<p>The operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) altered the distribution of the soil properties, the plant community composition and biomass in the water-level fluctuation zone (WLFZ). However, the vertical variation of soil erosion resistance in the WLFZ of the TGR is still unclear and need to be further evaluated. The objectives of this study were to assess the vertical variation of soil resistance to rill erosion in the WLFZ of the TGR and to identify the factors influencing these variations. Soil samples from 150-155 m, 155-160 m, 160-165 m, 165-170 m and 170-175 m were taken along a slope profile at the same time from the WLFZ of the TGR area. All the samples subjected to scour under the combinations of five slope gradients (8.74%, 17.63%, 26.79%, 36.40% and 46.63%) and five flow rates (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 L min<sup>–1</sup>) by using a slope-adjustable steel hydraulic flume (4 m length, 0.4 m width, 0.2 m depth). The results showed that soil properties and biomass parameters were affected by the elevations of the WLFZ. The average soil detachment capacity fluctuated with the increase of elevation, maximum and minimum value of  which were located at the 165-170 m and 155-160 m, respectively. The soil detachment capacity was significantly negatively correlated with MWD (P<0.05), but not positively correlated with other properties (P>0.05).  The rill erodibility also fluctuated with the increase of elevation. Correlation analysis showed that rill erodibility corresponding to runoff shear stress and stream power respectively had significantly negative correlation with MWD (P<0.05), and rill erodibility corresponding to unit energy of water-carrying section had significant negative correlation with MWD (P<0.01). Therefore, the soil aggregate stability was the major factor responsible for the vertical variation in soil erosion resistance. In addition, critical shear stress, critical stream power and critical unit energy of water-carrying section ranged from 1.1950 to 1.6427 Pa, from 0.0132 to 0.3045 N•m<sup>-1</sup>•s<sup>-1</sup> and from 0.0052 to 0.0062 m, respectively, all of them showed obvious fluctuations with the increase of elevation. These research results highlighted the effect of elevation on soil erosion resistance in the WLFZ and provide theoretical guidance for the establishment of soil and water loss prediction model as well as the development of soil and water conservation planning and controlling in the TGR area.</p><p> </p>

Research on the Technologyof Anti-Erosion and Vegetation Promotion for Pisha Sandstone Region in the Middle Yellow River Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiqing Xiao ◽  
wenyi yao ◽  
pan zhang ◽  
chunxia yang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Vegetation Growth

<p>Pisha sandstone region is the most vulnerable and the most dramatic area of soil erosion, and it is also the concentrated area of the coarse sediment entering into the Yellow River. It is of great significance to research the anti-erosion and vegetation promotion technology in the Pisha sandstone region. Based on the new concept of anti-erosion and vegetation promotion, surface composition, chemical properties and particle structure of the Pisha sandstone particles were analyzed, and the lithologic mechanism of the easy-corrosion of the Pisha sandstone was revealed. High-tech materials suitable for anti-erosion and vegetation-promoting of Pisha sandstonewas developed. A Pisha sandstone dam using modified silt has been built. The field experiments were monitoredfor the effects of the anti-erosion and vegetation-promoting technology on controlling soil erosion. The results showed that: (1) The grain structureand pore cementation of Pisha sandstone leading to the high affinity of the Pisha sandstone and water; The high content of montmorillonite, calcite and feldspar and the development of pore micro-structure in the Pisha sandstone are the main reasons for the poor soil erosion resistance of the Pisha sandstone. (2) Anti-erosion and vegetation-promoting materials(W-OH) based on hydrophilic polyurethane resin combined with anti-UV stabilizer, aquasorb and vegetation growth promoter can encapsulate the Pisha sandstone particles and composethe composite with Pisha sandstone for erosion resistance and vegetation promotion, degradationcontrol freeze-thaw resistance, hydrolysis resistance and environmental friendliness. (3) The simulation analysis of materials and technology for the dam construction was carried out by using mechanics and chemical experiments. The dam design scheme and key procedures were further verified based on the field experiment, and the dam construction using modified materials of pisha sandstone was developed. The silt damusing modified Pisha sandstone was built in the Erlaohugou watershed. The dam height is 10.03 m, the controlled watershed area is 0.31 km<sup>2</sup>, and the total storage capacity is 32,600 m<sup>3</sup>. (4) According to the grading of different slopes of the Pisha sandstone and the diversity of its composition, the allocation model of the anti-erosion and vegetation-promoting treatment measures for the Pisha sandstone was proposed. In the top of the slope area, three-dimensional ecological measures such as grass, shrub and arbor mixed with intercepting ditch and other engineering measures were arranged. The technology of spraying anti-erosion and vegetation-promoting materials of low-concentration and planting vegetation measures was used on gentle slopes; the measures of spraying anti-erosion and vegetation-promoting materials of high-concentration combined with vegetation growth was adopted in steep slopes,and the consolidation material is sprayed to prevent weathering and gravity erosion of the Pisha sandstone. (5) The analysis of field plot data showed that the Anti-erosion and vegetation-promoting composite materials and the measures had obvious effects of controlling slope runoff, reducing soil erosion and vegetation restorationcompared with the bare soil plot, the runoff was reduced by more than 70%, the sediment yield was reduced by more than 90%, and the vegetation coverage was reached over 95%.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Soil Erosion and Its Prediction Protocols around the Hilly Areas of Mubi Region, Northeast Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ijasini John Tekwa ◽  
Abubakar Musa Kundiri
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Concentrated Flow ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Physically Based Models ◽  
Peasant Farmers ◽  
Northeast Nigeria

Soil erosion is a severe degradation phenomena that has since received huge attention among earth scientists in the developed worlds, and same efforts are now extending to Africa and other parts of underdeveloped worlds. This chapter focuses on collation, analyzing and appraising of soil ero¬sion studies around Mubi region, Northeast Nigeria, where the Mandara mountain ranges is notably responsible for spurring soil erosion. This chapter reviewed reports on the: (a) Mubi regional soil properties, erosion processes and principles of their occurrence, (b) soil erosion predictions using empirical and physically-based models by researchers, and, (c) economicimplications and managements of soil erosion in the region. This chapter reveals that classical and rill/ephemeral gully (EG) erosion features received more research attention than surface erosion such as splash and sheet. No information was reported on effects of landslides/slumping noticeable along rivers/stream banks around the region. The few economic analysis reported for soil nutrient and sediments entrained by concentrated flow channels were very high and intolerable to the predominantly peasant farmers in the region. It is hoped that the considerable volumes of erosion researches and recommendations assembled in this chapter shall be carefully implemented by prospective farmers, organizations, and residents in the Mubi region.

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