scholarly journals Mutant Human Embryonic Stem Cells Reveal Neurite and Synapse Formation Defects in Type 1 Myotonic Dystrophy

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Marteyn ◽  
Yves Maury ◽  
Morgane M. Gauthier ◽  
Camille Lecuyer ◽  
Remi Vernet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Embryonic Stem

scholarly journals MSH2 knock-down shows CTG repeat stability and concomitant upstream demethylation at the DMPK locus in myotonic dystrophy type 1 human embryonic stem cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvie Franck ◽  
Lise Barbé ◽  
Simon Ardui ◽  
Yannick De Vlaeminck ◽  
Joke Allemeersch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cpg Methylation ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy Type ◽  
Ctg Repeat

Abstract Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by expansion of a CTG repeat in the DMPK gene, where expansion size and somatic mosaicism correlates with disease severity and age of onset. While it is known that the mismatch repair protein MSH2 contributes to the unstable nature of the repeat, its role on other disease-related features, such as CpG methylation upstream of the repeat, is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of an MSH2 knock-down (MSH2KD) on both CTG repeat dynamics and CpG methylation pattern in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) carrying the DM1 mutation. Repeat size in MSH2 wild type (MSH2WT) and MSH2KD DM1 hESC was determined by PacBio sequencing and CpG methylation by bisulfite massive parallel sequencing. We found stabilization of the CTG repeat concurrent with a gradual loss of methylation upstream of the repeat in MSH2KD cells, while the repeat continued to expand and upstream methylation remained unchanged in MSH2WT control lines. Repeat instability was re-established and biased towards expansions upon MSH2 transgenic re-expression in MSH2KD lines while upstream methylation was not consistently re-established. We hypothesize that the hypermethylation at the mutant DM1 locus is promoted by the MMR machinery and sustained by a constant DNA repair response, establishing a potential mechanistic link between CTG repeat instability and upstream CpG methylation. Our work represents a first step towards understanding how epigenetic alterations and repair pathways connect and contribute to the DM1 pathology.

scholarly journals MSH2 knock-down shows CTG repeat stability and concomitant upstream demethylation at the DMPK locus in myotonic dystrophy type 1 human embryonic stem cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvie Franck ◽  
Lise Barbé ◽  
Simon Ardui ◽  
Yannick De Vlaeminck ◽  
Joke Allemeersch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cpg Methylation ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy Type ◽  
Ctg Repeat

AbstractMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by expansion of a CTG repeat in the DMPK gene, where expansion size and somatic mosaicism correlates with disease severity and age of onset. While it is known that the mismatch repair protein MSH2 contributes to the unstable nature of the repeat, its role on other disease-related features, such as CpG methylation upstream of the repeat, is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of an MSH2 knock-down (MSH2KD) on both CTG repeat dynamics and CpG methylation pattern in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) carrying the DM1 mutation. Repeat size in MSH2 wild type (MSH2WT) and MSH2KD DM1 hESC was determined by PacBio sequencing and CpG methylation by bisulfite massive parallel sequencing. We found stabilization of the CTG repeat concurrent with a gradual loss of methylation upstream of the repeat in MSH2KD cells, while the repeat continued to expand and upstream methylation remained unchanged in MSH2WT control lines. Repeat instability was re-established and biased towards expansions upon MSH2 transgenic re-expression in MSH2KD lines while upstream methylation was not consistently re-established. We hypothesize that the hypermethylation at the mutant DM1 locus is promoted by the MMR machinery and sustained by a constant DNA repair response, establishing a potential mechanistic link between CTG repeat instability and upstream CpG methylation. Our work represents a first step towards understanding how epigenetic alterations and repair pathways connect and contribute to the DM1 pathology.

scholarly journals Uncovering the Role of Hypermethylation by CTG Expansion in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Using Mutant Human Embryonic Stem Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira Yanovsky-Dagan ◽  
Michal Avitzour ◽  
Gheona Altarescu ◽  
Paul Renbaum ◽  
Talia Eldar-Geva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy Type ◽  
Ctg Expansion

Angiotensin II type 1 and bradykinin B2 receptors expressed in early stage epithelial cells derived from human embryonic stem cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 211 (3) ◽  
pp. 816-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Huang ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Paul Toselli ◽  
Jag Bhawan ◽  
Vasanthi Sudireddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
B2 Receptors

scholarly journals Myotonic dystrophy type 1 embryonic stem cells show decreased myogenic potential, increased CpG methylation at the DMPK locus and RNA mis-splicing

Biology Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvie Franck ◽  
Edouard Couvreu De Deckersberg ◽  
Jodi L. Bubenik ◽  
Christina Markouli ◽  
Lise Barbé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cpg Methylation ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy Type ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Early Developmental

ABSTRACT Skeletal muscle tissue is severely affected in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients, characterised by muscle weakness, myotonia and muscle immaturity in the most severe congenital form of the disease. Previously, it was not known at what stage during myogenesis the DM1 phenotype appears. In this study we differentiated healthy and DM1 human embryonic stem cells to myoblasts and myotubes and compared their differentiation potential using a comprehensive multi-omics approach. We found myogenesis in DM1 cells to be abnormal with altered myotube generation compared to healthy cells. We did not find differentially expressed genes between DM1 and non-DM1 cell lines within the same developmental stage. However, during differentiation we observed an aberrant inflammatory response and increased CpG methylation upstream of the CTG repeat at the myoblast level and RNA mis-splicing at the myotube stage. We show that early myogenesis modelled in hESC reiterates the early developmental manifestation of DM1.

scholarly journals Deletion of the CTG Expansion in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Reverses DMPK Aberrant Methylation in Human Embryonic Stem Cells but not Affected Myoblasts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira Yanovsky-Dagan ◽  
Ester Bnaya ◽  
Manar Abu Diab ◽  
Tayma Handal ◽  
Fouad Zahdeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Aberrant Methylation ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy Type ◽  
Gene Correction ◽  
Large Expansion

ABSTRACTMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) results from a CTG repeat expansion in the 3’-UTR of DMPK. When the repeat extensively expands, this results in DMPK aberrant methylation, reduction in SIX5 transcription and the development of the congenital form of the disease. To explore whether hypermethylation could be reversed in DM1 embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and patient myoblasts, we monitored methylation levels following removal of the expanded repeat by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing. Excision of the repeat in undifferentiated hESCs (CTG2000) resets the locus by abolishing abnormal methylation and H3K9me3 enrichment, and rescues SIX5 transcription. In contrast, in affected myoblasts methylation levels remain unchanged following deletion of a large expansion (CTG2600). Altogether, this provides evidence for a transition from a reversible to an irreversible heterochromatin state by the DM1 mutation upon cell differentiation. These findings should be taken into account when considering gene correction in congenital DM1 and potentially other epigenetically regulated disorders.

scholarly journals In vitro modeling of hyperpigmentation associated to neurofibromatosis type 1 using melanocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (29) ◽  
pp. 9034-9039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Allouche ◽  
Nathalia Bellon ◽  
Manoubia Saidani ◽  
Laure Stanchina-Chatrousse ◽  
Yolande Masson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type

“Café-au-lait” macules (CALMs) and overall skin hyperpigmentation are early hallmarks of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). One of the most frequent monogenic diseases, NF1 has subsequently been characterized with numerous benign Schwann cell-derived tumors. It is well established that neurofibromin, the NF1 gene product, is an antioncogene that down-regulates the RAS oncogene. In contrast, the molecular mechanisms associated with alteration of skin pigmentation have remained elusive. We have reassessed this issue by differentiating human embryonic stem cells into melanocytes. In the present study, we demonstrate that NF1 melanocytes reproduce the hyperpigmentation phenotype in vitro, and further characterize the link between loss of heterozygosity and the typical CALMs that appear over the general hyperpigmentation. Molecular mechanisms associated with these pathological phenotypes correlate with an increased activity of cAMP-mediated PKA and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, leading to overexpression of the transcription factor MITF and of the melanogenic enzymes tyrosinase and dopachrome tautomerase, all major players in melanogenesis. Finally, the hyperpigmentation phenotype can be rescued using specific inhibitors of these signaling pathways. These results open avenues for deciphering the pathological mechanisms involved in pigmentation diseases, and provide a robust assay for the development of new strategies for treating these diseases.

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