The impact of work-related physical assaults on mental health among Japanese employees with different socioeconomic status: The Japan Work Stress and Health Cohort Study (JSTRESS)

‘Mad doctors’ specialized in treating the insane, but what about the doctors whose own mental health was jeopardized? Oppenheim found that doctors who attended the mad were presumed to be particularly vulnerable, but there has been no research investigating this claim, nor identifying practitioners’ experiences as patients. This article analyses medical admissions to asylums via both case notes and other sources such as newspaper reports, revealing the responses of medical superintendents to their former colleagues and, in some cases, the judgements of practitioners on their institutional surroundings. It indicates the impact of work-related stress, as medicine became self-consciously professional, and the evolution of public reactions to doctors who could not maintain an appropriately sane identity.

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The impact of community mental health reform on service users: a cohort study

Health & Social Care in the Community ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2524.1999.00165.x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 129-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wally Barr ◽

Peter Huxley

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Community Mental Health ◽

Health Reform ◽

Service Users ◽

Mental Health Reform ◽

The Impact

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Risk of eating disorders in international adoptees: a cohort study using Swedish national population registers

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796020000451 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

Author(s):

M. Strand ◽

R. Zhang ◽

L. M. Thornton ◽

A. Birgegård ◽

B. M. D'Onofrio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Cohort Study ◽

General Population ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Elevated Risk ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

International Adoptees ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

Abstract Aims Compared to the general population, adoptees are more often referred to specialist psychiatric treatment, exhibit increased risk of suicide and display more symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder. However, little is known about the impact of being an adoptee on the risk of developing an eating disorder. The aim of the present study was to assess whether international adoptees have a higher risk for eating disorders than native Swedes. Methods In the present retrospective cohort study, data from the Swedish total population registers on individuals born between 1979 and 2005 were used to assess whether international adoptees residing in Sweden (n = 25 287) have a higher risk for anorexia nervosa (AN) and other eating disorders (OED) than non-adoptees with Swedish-born parents from the general population (n = 2 046 835). The patterns of these results were compared to those for major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anxiety disorders to determine whether any observed effects were unique to eating disorders or reflected a more general impact on mental health outcomes. Results A survival analysis adjusting for relevant demographic covariates revealed an elevated risk of all examined psychiatric disorders in international adoptees: hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) are 1.21 (1.04–1.41) for AN, 1.60 (1.44–1.79) for OED, 1.90 (1.81–2.00) for MDD, 1.25 (1.09–1.44) for OCD, and 1.69 (1.60–1.78) for anxiety disorders. Conclusions Elevated risk of eating disorders as well as of MDD, OCD, and anxiety disorders was found in international adoptees. A parallel pattern between AN and OCD was observed, which both display less elevated rates than the other diagnoses. A considerable number of biological, environmental, and societal factors have been suggested to explain the observed differences in mental health between adoptees and non-adoptees, but they remain primarily theoretical.

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DOES EARLY-LIFE RACIAL DISCRIMINATION EXPLAIN A MENTAL HEALTH PARADOX AMONG BLACK ADULTS?

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.689 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S192-S192

Author(s):

Courtney S Thomas Tobin ◽

Myles D Moody

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Racial Discrimination ◽

Early Life ◽

Health Study ◽

Black Adults ◽

The Life Course ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Stress And Health ◽

Health Paradox

Abstract To evaluate the impact of early life racial discrimination (ELRD) on mental health among Black adults. Data were from the Nashville Stress and Health Study (n=618). OLS regression models examined the relationship between ELRD and adult psychological distress; logistic regression estimated the probability of past-year major depressive disorder (MDD). We also assessed whether ELRD moderated the relationship between adult discrimination and mental health. Childhood (b=1.07, SE=0.51, p=0.04) and adolescent ELRD (b=1.32, SE=0.42, p=0.002) were associated with adult distress. Individuals who experienced childhood ERLD had 88% lower odds of adult MDD than individuals with no ELRD. Significant interaction analyses showed that ELRD was generally protective against adult discrimination. While ELRD importantly shapes distress and MDD among Black adults, patterns vary by outcome. Results indicate that adult distress and MDD develop through cumulative adversity processes that are further influenced by sensitive periods in the life course.

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Design and protocol of the multimorbidity and mental health cohort study in frailty and aging (MiMiCS-FRAIL): unraveling the clinical and molecular associations between frailty, somatic disease burden and late life depression

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-020-02963-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ivan Aprahamian ◽

Ronei Luciano Mamoni ◽

Nilva Karla Cervigne ◽

Taize Machado Augusto ◽

Carla Vasconcelos Romanini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Frailty Index ◽

Late Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽

Late Life Depression ◽

Health Cohort Study

Abstract Background To explore the mutual relationship between multimorbidity, mental illness and frailty, we have set-up the Multimorbidity and Mental health Cohort Study in FRAILty and Aging (MiMiCS-FRAIL) cohort. At the population level, multimorbidity, frailty and late-life depression are associated with similar adverse outcomes (i.e. falls, disability, hospitalization, death), share the same risk factors, and partly overlap in their clinical presentation. Moreover, these three variables may share a common underlying pathophysiological mechanism like immune-metabolic dysregulation. The overall objectives of MiMiCS-FRAIL are 1) to explore (determinants of) the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between multimorbidity, depression, and frailty among non-demented geriatric outpatients; 2) to evaluate molecular levels of senoinflammation as a broad pathophysiological process underlying these conditions; and 3) to examine adverse outcomes of multimorbidity, frailty and depression and their interconnectedness. Methods MiMiCS-FRAIL is an ongoing observational cohort study of geriatric outpatients in Brazil, with an extensive baseline assessment and yearly follow-up assessments. Each assessment includes a comprehensive geriatric assessment to identify multimorbidity and geriatric syndromes, a structured psychiatric diagnostic interview and administration of the PHQ-9 to measure depression, and several frailty measures (FRAIL, Physical Phenotype criteria, 36-item Frailty Index). Fasten blood samples are collected at baseline to assess circulating inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, leukocytes' subpopulations, and to perform immune-metabolic-paired miRome analyses. The primary outcome is death and secondary outcomes are the number of falls, hospital admissions, functional ability, well-being, and dementia. Assuming a 5-year mortality rate between 25 and 40% and a hazard rate varying between 1.6 and 2.3 for the primary determinants require a sample size between 136 and 711 patients to detect a statistically significant effect with a power of 80% (beta = 0.2), an alpha of 5% (0.05), and an R2 between the predictor (death) and all covariates of 0.20. Local ethical board approved this study. Discussion Frailty might be hypothesized as a final common pathway by which many clinical conditions like depression and chronic diseases (multimorbidity) culminate in many adverse effects. The MiMiCS-FRAIL cohort will help us to understand the interrelationship between these variables, from a clinical perspective as well as their underlying molecular signature.

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