Tooth visualization in vowel production MR images for three-dimensional vocal tract modeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Zhang ◽  
Kiyoshi Honda ◽  
Jianguo Wei
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Vowel Production

scholarly journals The vocal tract as a time machine: inferences about past speech and language from the anatomy of the speech organs

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1824) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Dediu ◽  
Scott R. Moisik ◽  
W. A. Baetsen ◽  
Abel Marinus Bosman ◽  
Andrea L. Waters-Rist
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Precise Shape ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Hard Structures ◽  
Anatomical Information

While speech and language do not fossilize, they still leave traces that can be extracted and interpreted. Here, we suggest that the shape of the hard structures of the vocal tract may also allow inferences about the speech of long-gone humans. These build on recent experimental and modelling studies, showing that there is extensive variation between individuals in the precise shape of the vocal tract, and that this variation affects speech and language. In particular, we show that detailed anatomical information concerning two components of the vocal tract (the lower jaw and the hard palate) can be extracted and digitized from the osteological remains of three historical populations from The Netherlands, and can be used to conduct three-dimensional biomechanical simulations of vowel production. We could recover the signatures of inter-individual variation between these vowels, in acoustics and articulation. While ‘proof-of-concept’, this study suggests that older and less well-preserved remains could be used to draw inferences about historic and prehistoric languages. Moreover, it forces us to clarify the meaning and use of the uniformitarian principle in linguistics, and to consider the wider context of language use, including the anatomy, physiology and cognition of the speakers. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Reconstructing prehistoric languages’.

Effects of Long-Term Tracheostomy on Spectral Characteristics of Vowel Production

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Saletsky Kamen ◽  
Ben C. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Spectral Parameters ◽  
Oral Motor ◽  
Vowel Space

This study investigated the effects of long-term tracheostomy on the development of speech. Eight children who underwent tracheotomy during the prelingual period were compared to matched controls on selected spectral parameters of the speech acoustic signal and standard measures of oral-motor, phonologic, and articulatory proficiency. Analysis of formant frequency values revealed significant between-group differences. Children with histories of long-term tracheostomy showed reduced acoustic vowel space, as defined by group formant frequency values. This suggests that these children were limited in their ability to produce extreme vocal tract configurations for vowels /a,i,u/ postdecannulation. Oral motor patterns were less mature, and sound substitutions were not only more variable for this group, but also reflected a persistent overlay of maladaptive compensations developed during cannulation.

scholarly journals Calculation of three-dimensional left ventricular strains from biplanar tagged MR images

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Moore ◽  
Walter G. O'Dell ◽  
Elliot R. McVeigh ◽  
Elias A. Zerhouni
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Tagged Mr Images

K-space filter effect in three-dimensional contrast MR angiography

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ito ◽  
J. Kato ◽  
S. Okada ◽  
T. Kumazaki
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Mr Angiography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Acquisition Period ◽  
Filter Effect ◽  
Flowing Material ◽  
Space Filter

Purpose: In three-dimensional (3-D) contrast MR angiography, temporal misregistration between the data acquisition period and the arrival of the contrast agent in the target vessels is thought to degrade the quality of the reconstructed images. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate and investigate this effect in phantom experiments. Material and Methods: MR images of a phantom tube were evaluated with flowing materials of water or Gd-DTPA solution by changing from water to Gd-DTPA solution halfway through the data acquisition period. Results: While no signal could be acquired with a stream of water in the tube, a clear signal was obtained with a flow of Gd-DTPA solution. Blurring and ghost artifacts surrounding the tube along the phase-encoding direction were observed when the flowing material was changed from water to Gd-DTPA solution halfway through the data acquisition period. Conclusion: K-space filter effect occurs during 3-D contrast MR angiography owing to the transient passage of the contrast agent, and this effect causes spatial artifacts in the reconstructed images.

PS01.031: REVISITING THE ESOPHAGOGASTRIC JUNCTION ANATOMY: WHERE IS THE INFRACARDIAC BURSA?

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Tatsuro Nakamura ◽  
Hisashi Shinohara ◽  
Tomoaki Okada ◽  
Shigeo Hisamori ◽  
Shigeru Tsunoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophagogastric Junction ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Closed Space ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Transhiatal Approach ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background The infracardiac bursa (ICB), the closed space encountered in the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) surgery, is rarely described in anatomical atlases. The purpose of the study is to link surgery to embryology and propose the new anatomical chart including the ICB. Methods Histological serial sections of Carnegie stages (CS) 13–23 embryos and magnetic resonance (MR) images of the fetus with 43.5 mm crown-rump length from the Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos were examined for embryological changes in the ICB. Seventy-four surgery videos of laparoscopic and thoracoscopic esophagectomy were reviewed to investigate the appearance of the ICB and frequency of the recognition in surgery. Results The right pneumato-enteric recess appeared in CS13 embryos and the ICB was separated from the recess by the development of the diaphragm between CS17 and CS18 embryos and established as a closed space up until CS23. The three-dimensional reconstruction of fetus MR images showed the ICB was located adjacent nearly one third around the esophagus above the right crus. The ICB was clinically encountered in 12 of 14 (86%) transhiatal surgeries and 23 of 60 (38%) thoracic surgeries. Via the transhiatal approach, the caudal edge of the ICB appeared as a thick whitish membrane after the dissection of the phrenico-esophageal ligament and a closed space enveloped with a serosa was opened by the incision of the membrane. Via the right thoracic approach, the ICB appeared on the right crus after the dissection of the pulmonary ligament. Conclusion We described a new chart around EGJ including the ICB based on embryology. This anatomical chart can contribute to promote accuracy and safety of operating procedures around the EGJ. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Open Source Applications for Image Visualization and Processing in Neuroimaging Training

2015 ◽  
pp. 1319-1332
Author(s):  
Juan A. Juanes ◽  
Pablo Ruisoto ◽  
Alberto Prats-Galino ◽  
Andrés Framiñán
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Image Visualization ◽  
3D Slicer ◽  
Volumetric Reconstruction ◽  
Key Features

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the major role and potential of three of the most powerful open source computerized tools for the advanced processing of medical images, in the study of neuroanatomy. DICOM images were acquired with radiodiagnostic equipment using 1.5 Tesla Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. Images were further processed using the following applications: first, OsiriXTM version 4.0 32 bits for OS; Second, 3D Slicer version 4.3; and finally, MRIcron, version 6. Advanced neuroimaging processing requires two key features: segmentation and three-dimensional or volumetric reconstruction. Examples of identification and reconstruction of some of the most complex neuroimaging elements such vascular ones and tractographies are included in this paper. The three selected applications represent some of the most versatile technologies within the field of medical imaging.

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