Glass transition temperature as an in situ cure index of electrically conductive adhesives in solar photovoltaic module interconnect assemblies

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 403-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dakai Ren ◽  
Michael Mills ◽  
Marty DeGroot ◽  
Lindsey Clark ◽  
Shawn Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Conductive Adhesives ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Electrically Conductive Adhesives

Improvement in Power of Shingled Solar Cells for Photo-Voltaic Module

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 7096-7099
Author(s):  
Hongsub Jee ◽  
Jinho Song ◽  
Daehan Moon ◽  
Jaehyeong Lee ◽  
Chaehwan Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Conductive Adhesives ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Electrically Conductive Adhesives

This paper presents a study on the effects of heat treatment conditions on electrically conductive adhesives. Among the advantages of the shingled solar cells include larger active area and smaller current density since one of the main factors of the power loss is due to a decrease in current density. Therefore, when there is a small current, there is a benefit in regards to the power loss. The advantage of this new technique of developing photovoltaic modules is the increase of module power using the same installed area. Electrically conductive adhesives play an important role in the manufacture of shingled solar cells and understanding the effects of its curing condition is necessary to maximize its output power. Through changing the curing time and temperature, the optimized curing conditions for electrically conductive adhesives and fabricated shingled strings for development of a module could be established. Finally, we demonstrated a 500 mm × 500 mm photovoltaic module with a conventional and the other using the shingled method for purposes of comparison and a shingled module showed about 29% increase in maximum output power compared to a conventional module with the same installed area.

scholarly journals X-ray reflectivity study of the glass transition temperature of thin films

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C885-C885
Author(s):  
Krassimir Stoev ◽  
Kenji Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface And Interface

The glass transition takes place in amorphous materials (like polymers) during heating or cooling, and can be described as reversible transition from a hard and brittle state into a rubber-like state. Although physical properties of the material change significantly during the glass transition, this is not a phase transition of the material. The temperature at which the transition between the glassy and rubbery state occurs is called the glass transition temperature, and this temperature is always lower than the melting temperature. Thermodynamically, the glass transition is associated with transfer of heat between the system and its surrounding and with an abrupt volume change. Previously it was shown that the glass transition temperature of nano-films is different from that of bulk materials [1], which signifies the importance of determining this parameter for such systems. In the current work, we use quick X-ray reflectivity (qXRR) measurements to determine the glass transition temperature of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). PVAc is rubbery synthetic polymer with the formula (C4H6O2), a density of 1.18 g/cm3, and a glass transition temperature for bulk material of 30oC [2]. Regular X-ray reflectivity measurements are based on θ/2θ scans at grazing incidence and typically require 0.5-1.5 h for a single scan. The qXRR technique is based on simultaneous measurement of the whole angular x-ray reflectivity profile and is suitable for in-situ measurement without moving the sample and/or the x-ray optics. Thus, the qXRR technique allows for very fast measurement of the x-ray reflectivity curves (duration of each scan is typically 0.1–20 sec [3]), which permits studying the time evolution of chemical, thermal, and mechanical changes at the surface and interface of different materials. X-ray reflectivity measurements give information about both density and thickness of thin films, and are suitable for studying glass transition phenomena. Nano-thickness PVAc layers on a Si substrate were examined with the qXRR technique, with x-ray reflectivity scans (each 10-seconds in duration) being recorded while temperature was changed from 20 to 50oC (total of 331 scans over 7 hours and 46 minutes). In the current paper, the experimental setup, the data-processing, and the analysis of the results from the qXRR measurements will be presented.

scholarly journals Improvement of mechanical properties of in situ-prepared HTPE binder in propellants

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (50) ◽  
pp. 30150-30161
Author(s):  
Keke Chen ◽  
Xiaomu Wen ◽  
Guoping Li ◽  
Siping Pang ◽  
Yunjun Luo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Preparation Method

HTPE binder for propellant synthesized by in situ preparation method has excellent mechanical properties and low glass transition temperature.

Preparation of π-vi Semiconductor Nanocrystallites in a Glass Matrix Using Chalcogenizing Agent: Application to cdse

1994 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Marc ◽  
W. Gramer ◽  
A. Pradel ◽  
M. Ribes ◽  
T. Richard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Matrix ◽  
Sodium Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Starting Solution ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Size Dispersion

ABSTRACTA new route for preparing CdX (X = S, Se, Te, S+Se) nanocrystallites dispersed in a sodium borosilicate glass matrix from a hydrogel is proposed. Chalcogenizing complexing molecules - for instance a mixture of NH4SCN + H2SeO3 - introduced in the starting solution allowed an in situ crystallite preparation concomitant to gel densification. Prevention of crystallite oxidation is thus obtained. Moreover, coalescence is minimized because of the low gel-glass transition temperature. Low temperature absorption spectra have been interpreted in terms of exciton and electron-hole confinements, accounting for both an intrinsic broadening of energy states inside each nanocrystal and a Gaussian size distribution. Crystallite sizes and size dispersion can be adjusted by changing the initial Cd concentration. The crystallinity of the nanoparticles without change in dispersion is strongly improved by thermal treatment above the Tg of the glass matrix.

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