Erratum to “Solar spectral optical properties of pigments—Part I: Model for deriving scattering and absorption coefficients from transmittance and reflectance measurements” [Sol. Mater. Sol. Cells (2005) 89(4) 319–349]

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronnen Levinson ◽  
Paul Berdahl ◽  
Hashem Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Reflectance Measurements

Optical Properties of (Pb,Eu)Te Thin Films and Superlattices

1986 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Goltsos ◽  
A. V. Nurmikko ◽  
D. L. Partin
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Spin Exchange ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Optical Gap ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Reflectance Measurements

AbstractPhotoluminescence, transmission, and reflectance measurements have yielded information about the states defining an optical gap in thin films and superlattices based on the (Pb,Eu)Te system, including the limit of high Eu concentration. Magneto-optical measurements show the presence of finite spin exchange processes at low Eu-concentrations.

scholarly journals Seasonal cycle and source analyses of aerosol optical properties in a semi-urban environment at Puijo station in Eastern Finland

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5647-5659 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Leskinen ◽  
A. Arola ◽  
M. Komppula ◽  
H. Portin ◽  
P. Tiitta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Single Scattering Albedo ◽  
Scattering Coefficient ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Pollutant Sources

Abstract. We introduce a four-year (in 2006–2010) continuous data set of aerosol optical properties at Puijo in Kuopio, Finland. We study the annual and diurnal variation of the aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients, hemispheric backscattering fraction, scattering Ångström exponent, and single scattering albedo, whose median values over this period were 7.2 Mm−1 (at 550 nm), 1.0 Mm−1 (at 637 nm), 0.15, 1.93 (between 450 and 550 nm), and 0.85, respectively. The scattering coefficient peaked in the spring and autumn, being 2–4 times those in the summer and winter. An exception was the summer of 2010, when the scattering coefficient was elevated to ~300 Mm−1 by plumes from forest fires in Russia. The absorption coefficient peaked in the winter when soot-containing particles derived from biomass burning were present. The higher relative absorption coefficients resulted in lower single scattering albedo in winter. The optical properties varied also with wind direction and time of the day, indicating the effect of the local pollutant sources and the age of the particles. Peak values in the single scattering albedo were observed when the wind blew from a paper mill and from the sector without local pollutant sources. These observations were linked, respectively, to the sulphate-rich aerosol from the paper mill and the oxygenated organics in the aged aerosol, which both are known to increase the scattering characteristics of aerosols. Decreases in the single scattering albedo in the morning and afternoon, distinct in the summertime, were linked to the increased traffic density at these hours. The scattering and absorption coefficients of residential and long-range transported aerosol (two separate cloud events) were found to be decreased by clouds. The effect was stronger for the scattering than absorption, indicating preferential activation of the more hygroscopic aerosol with higher scattering characteristics.

scholarly journals Optical properties of atmospheric fine particles near Beijing during the HOPE-J<sup>3</sup>A Campaign

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (22) ◽  
pp. 33675-33730
Author(s):  
X. Xu ◽  
W. Zhao ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
B. Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Single Scattering Albedo ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Inorganic Species

Abstract. The optical properties and chemical composition of PM1.0 (particulate with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 1.0 μm) particles in a suburban environment (Huairou) near the mega-city Beijing were measured during the HOPE-J3A (Haze Observation Project Especially for Jing-Jin-Ji Area) field campaign. The campaign covered the period November 2014 to January 2015 during the winter coal heating season. The average and standard deviations for the extinction, scattering, absorption coefficients, and the aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) at λ = 470 nm during the measurement period were 201 ± 240, 164 ± 202, 37 ± 43 Mm-1, and 0.80 ± 0.08, respectively. The mean mass scattering (MSE) and absorption (MAE) efficiencies were 4.77 ± 0.01 and 0.87 ± 0.03 m2g-1, respectively. Highly time-resolved air pollution episodes clearly show the dramatic evolution of the PM1.0 size distribution, extensive optical properties (extinction, scattering, and absorption coefficients) and intensive optical properties (single scattering albedo and complex refractive index) during haze formation, development and decline. Time periods were classified into three different pollution levels (clear, slightly polluted, and polluted) for further analysis. It was found that: (1) The diurnal patterns of the aerosol extinction, scattering, absorption coefficients, and SSA differed for the three pollution classes. (2) The real and imaginary part of complex refractive index (CRI) increased, while the SSA decreased from clear to polluted days. (3) The relative contributions of organic and inorganic species to observed aerosol composition changed significantly from clear to polluted days: the organic mass fraction decreased (50 to 43 %) while the proportion of sulfates, nitrates, and ammonium increased strongly (34 to 44 %). (4) The fractional contribution of chemical components to extinction coefficients was calculated by using the modified IMPROVE algorithm. Organic mass was the largest contributor (58 %) to the total extinction of PM1.0. When the air quality deteriorated, the change of the relative contribution of sulfate aerosol to the total extinction was small, but the contribution of nitrate aerosol increased significantly (from 17 % on clear days to 23 % on polluted days). (5) The observed mass scattering efficiencies increased consistently with the pollution extent, however, the observed mass absorption efficiencies increased consistently with increasing mass concentration in slightly pollution conditions, but decreased under polluted conditions.

scholarly journals Time-resolved reflectance measurements on layered tissues with strongly varying optical properties

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas H. Hielscher ◽  
Hanli Liu ◽  
Lihong V. Wang ◽  
Frank K. Tittel ◽  
Britton Chance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Reflectance Measurements

Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Znl-x Cdx Se/ZnSe Heterostructures And Their Optical Properties

1991 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Luo ◽  
N. Samarth ◽  
J. K. Furdyna ◽  
H. Jeon ◽  
J. Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Optically Pumped ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Excitonic Absorption ◽  
Lasing Mechanism

ABSTRACTSuperlattices and quantum wells of Znl-xCdxSe/ZnSe, and heterostructures based on ZnSe/CdSe digital alloys have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Their optical properties were studied with particular emphasis on excitonic absorption and photopumped stimulated emission. Excitonic absorption is easily observable up to 400 K, and is characterized by extremely large absorption coefficients (α = 2×105cm−1). Optically pumped lasing action is obtained at room temperature with a typical threshold intensity of 100 kW/cm2. The lasing mechanism in these II-VI quantum wells appears to be quite different from that in the better studied III-V materials: in our case, the onset of stimulated emission occurs before the saturation of the excitonic absorption, and the stimulated emission occurs at an energy lower than that of the excitonic absorption.

The Electronic Spectra of Hg–In Alloys

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 894-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Siskind ◽  
James Boiani ◽  
Stuart A. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Density Of States ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Electron Excitation ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility Data ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Reflectance Measurements

We have made reflectance measurements on liquid Hg–In alloys at near-normal incidence from 0.14 to 4.0 μm. After describing our apparatus, the experimental results, and the treatment of our data we make the following interpretations:(a) that the peak in ε2 at about 8.5 eV consists of a superposition of a d-electron excitation and a plasma (or Hopfield) resonance;(b) that the peak in ε2 at about 5.8 eV is associated with a peak in the density of states and is a consequence of a scattering resonance in the In ion-core pseudopotential;(c) that concentration gradients and a diffuse transition zone at the surface of the liquid alloy may have a significant effect on the optical properties, not only in ellipsometric experiments but also in reflectance experiments;(d) that an excess reflectance which we find at our long-wavelength limit can be explained in terms of an anomalously large density of states at the Fermi level and that this is consistent with available Hall coefficient and magnetic susceptibility data.

scholarly journals Metamodeling approach for efficient estimation of optical properties of turbid media from spatially resolved diffuse reflectance measurements

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (26) ◽  
pp. 32630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Watté ◽  
Nghia Nguyen Do Trong ◽  
Ben Aernouts ◽  
Chyngyz Erkinbaev ◽  
Josse De Baerdemaeker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Efficient Estimation ◽  
Turbid Media ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Reflectance Measurements
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