Problems of Mega-events Engineering Risk Management in China

Risk management for mega-events

Tourism Management ◽

10.1016/0261-5177(90)90007-v ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Philip C. Chang ◽

Kiren K. Singh

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Mega Events

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Governing Mega-Events: Tools of Security Risk Management for the FIFA 2006 World Cup in Germany and London 2012 Olympic Games

Government and Opposition ◽

10.1111/j.1477-7053.2010.01336.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 192-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Will Jennings ◽

Martin Lodge

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Olympic Games ◽

Political Systems ◽

Security Risk ◽

World Cup ◽

Public And Private ◽

Organizational Settings ◽

Mega Events ◽

London 2012 ◽

Security Risk Management

AbstractMega-events present a special venue for the practice of risk management. This article analyses the management of security risks in the case of two sporting mega-events, the London 2012 Olympic Games and the FIFA 2006 World Cup in Germany. To what extent do strategies and practices of risk management resemble each other across events? And what explains similarities or differences in the tools of risk management observed in each of these cases? First, this article explores three theoretical explanations for the choice of particular policy tools or instruments. Second, it introduces the tools of government approach as a means of conducting a direct comparative analysis of risk management across political and organizational settings and over time. The tools used for security risk management at the two mega-events are then compared and the different logics of tool choice are evaluated. This analytical approach offers a basis for future comparative inquiry into tools of risk management used in public and private organizations. The empirical findings highlight the particular importance of national political systems in influencing tool choice.

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Mega Events, Fear, and Risk: Terrorism at the Olympic Games

Journal of Sport Management ◽

10.1123/jsm.22.4.451 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 451-469 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Kristine Toohey ◽

Tracy Taylor

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Precautionary Principle ◽

Large Scale ◽

Olympic Games ◽

September 11 ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

Risk Theory ◽

Risk Society ◽

Mega Events ◽

The Olympic Games

Since 1972, there has been an association between terrorism, violence, and the Olympic Games. The events of September 11, 2001, however, clearly reescalated concerns about the Games being a terrorist target. This conceptual article discusses the theories of the risk society and the precautionary principle to understand and interpret how visitors to the most recent Summer Games, Athens 2004, framed their decision to attend. Consistent with risk theory, a strong public and financial commitment to safety at the Games was evident, with the organizers undertaking wide-ranging large-scale risk management initiatives. Athens attendees, while displaying tenets of risk aversion and engagement with a discourse of fear, also showed resilience, resistance, and indifference to potential terrorism threats. Implications for both theory and practice are noted.

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