Novel organic–inorganic pervaporation membrane with a superhydrophobic surface for the separation of ethanol from an aqueous solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoli Zhou ◽  
Ronghao Shi ◽  
Wanqin Jin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Superhydrophobic Surface ◽  
Pervaporation Membrane

Superhydrophobic membrane: progress in preparation and its separation properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul F. Himma ◽  
Nicholaus Prasetya ◽  
Sofiatun Anisah ◽  
I Gede Wenten
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Superhydrophobic Surface ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Gas Absorption ◽  
Membrane Preparation ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Direct Processing ◽  
Further Development

AbstractSuperhydrophobic membrane that is highly resistant to wetting by aqueous solution has gained great attention because of its potential to be applied in many emerging membrane processes such as membrane gas absorption (MGA) and membrane distillation (MD). Numerous approaches have been proposed to obtain membranes with superhydrophobic surface from materials with various degrees of hydrophobicity. This paper then reviews the progress in superhydrophobic membrane preparation and its separation properties. A brief description of superhydrophobicity is firstly presented. Preparation methods of the superhydrophobic membrane are subsequently reviewed, including direct processing method and surface modification of the existing membrane. Finally, the separation properties and challenges of superhydrophobic membranes are discussed. This article could provide an insight for further development of superhydrophobic membrane.

Structures Formed by Cryoprotective Agents Used in Freezc-Etching

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
G. G. Cocks ◽  
C. E. Cluthe
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Polyethylene Oxide ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Etching Technique ◽  
Structural Constituent ◽  
Cryoprotective Agents ◽  
Quick Freezing ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Fractured Surface

The freeze etching technique is potentially useful for examining dilute solutions or suspensions of macromolecular materials. Quick freezing of aqueous solutions in Freon or propane at or near liquid nitrogen temperature produces relatively large ice crystals and these crystals may damage the structures to be examined. Cryoprotective agents may reduce damage to the specimem, hut their use often results in the formation of a different set of specimem artifacts.In a study of the structure of polyethylene oxide gels glycerol and sucrose were used as cryoprotective agents. The experiments reported here show some of the structures which can appear when these cryoprotective agents are used.Figure 1 shows a fractured surface of a frozen 25% aqueous solution of sucrose. The branches of dendritic ice crystals surrounded hy ice-sucrose eutectic can be seen. When this fractured surface is etched the ice in the dendrites sublimes giving the type of structure shown in Figure 2. The ice-sucrose eutectic etches much more slowly. It is the smooth continuous structural constituent surrounding the branches of the dendrites.

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