Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology Model Systems for the Study of Heart Development and Disease

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
M HUTSON ◽  
M KIRBY
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Model Systems

The bryophytes Physcomitrium patens and Marchantia polymorpha as model systems for studying evolutionary cell and developmental biology in plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Naramoto ◽  
Yuki Hata ◽  
Tomomichi Fujita ◽  
Junko Kyozuka
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Biological Studies

Abstract Bryophytes are non-vascular spore-forming plants. Unlike in flowering plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes dominates the sporophyte (diploid) generation. A comparison of bryophytes with flowering plants allows us to answer some fundamental questions raised in evolutionary cell and developmental biology. The moss Physcomitrium patens was the first bryophyte with a sequenced genome. Many cell and developmental studies have been conducted in this species using gene targeting by homologous recombination. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has recently emerged as an excellent model system with low genomic redundancy in most of its regulatory pathways. With the development of molecular genetic tools such as efficient genome editing, both P. patens and M. polymorpha have provided many valuable insights. Here, we review these advances, with a special focus on polarity formation at the cell and tissue levels. We examine current knowledge regarding the cellular mechanisms of polarized cell elongation and cell division, including symmetric and asymmetric cell division. We also examine the role of polar auxin transport in mosses and liverworts. Finally, we discuss the future of evolutionary cell and developmental biological studies in plants.

Model systems in developmental biology

BioEssays ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Bolker
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Model Systems

scholarly journals The Dynamic 3D Genome in Gametogenesis and Early Embryonic Development

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
An ◽  
Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
3D Genome ◽  
Input Material ◽  
3D Chromatin Structure ◽  
And Function

During gametogenesis and early embryonic development, the chromatin architecture changes dramatically, and both the transcriptomic and epigenomic landscape are comprehensively reprogrammed. Understanding these processes is the holy grail in developmental biology and a key step towards evolution. The 3D conformation of chromatin plays a central role in the organization and function of nuclei. Recently, the dynamics of chromatin structures have been profiled in many model and non-model systems, from insects to mammals, resulting in an interesting comparison. In this review, we first introduce the research methods of 3D chromatin structure with low-input material suitable for embryonic study. Then, the dynamics of 3D chromatin architectures during gametogenesis and early embryonic development is summarized and compared between species. Finally, we discuss the possible mechanisms for triggering the formation of genome 3D conformation in early development.

Understanding heart development and congenital heart defects through developmental biology: A segmental approach

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahide Sakabe ◽  
Hiroko Matsui ◽  
Hirokazu Sakata ◽  
Katsumi Ando ◽  
Toshiyuki Yamagishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Segmental Approach

scholarly journals Bioengineering Clinically Relevant Cardiomyocytes and Cardiac Tissues from Pluripotent Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3005
Author(s):  
Emma Claire James ◽  
Eva Tomaskovic-Crook ◽  
Jeremy Micah Crook
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Cardiac Tissues

The regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes is insufficient to functionally recover damaged tissue, and as such, ischaemic heart disease forms the largest proportion of cardiovascular associated deaths. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have enormous potential for developing patient specific cardiomyocytes for modelling heart disease, patient-based cardiac toxicity testing and potentially replacement therapy. However, traditional protocols for hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes yield mixed populations of atrial, ventricular and nodal-like cells with immature cardiac properties. New insights gleaned from embryonic heart development have progressed the precise production of subtype-specific hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes; however, their physiological immaturity severely limits their utility as model systems and their use for drug screening and cell therapy. The long-entrenched challenges in this field are being addressed by innovative bioengingeering technologies that incorporate biophysical, biochemical and more recently biomimetic electrical cues, with the latter having the potential to be used to both direct hiPSC differentiation and augment maturation and the function of derived cardiomyocytes and cardiac tissues by mimicking endogenous electric fields.

scholarly journals Developmental Biology in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio Merchant-Larios
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Scientific Endeavor

Contemporary scientific endeavor in Mexico emanates from two greatest public institutions: the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) and the Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), founded in 1929 and 1936, respectively. Here, the first research Institutes and Centers dedicated to various scientific areas were created. Thus, the origin of most laboratories of Developmental Biology in Mexico was like that of other scientific fields. In this article, I have attempted to describe the establishment of a specialized community involved in the understanding of organism development during ontogeny. The use of chick embryos to study heart development was among the first experimental approaches developed in Mexico. Then, a younger group employed chick embryos to study the mechanisms underlying limb development. Various laboratory animal models have been employed, including mouse, rat, rabbit, and recently the naked mole-rat, as well as some wild species, such as sea turtles and bats. Two classical invertebrates, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhadbitis elegans, also form part of the multilayered complex models used by Mexican developmental biologists. My use of animals brought me closer to the pioneer developmental biologists, who worked with animal models. Their academic trajectory was more detailed than that of investigators using plant models. However, the pioneering merit and bright contributions of the two groups are on a par, regardless of the biological model. As current scientific knowledge is the sum of individual contributions throughout human history, here I have attempted to describe my suitable experience as a witness to the birth of the fascinating field of developmental biology in my country.

Enriching Undergraduate Entomology Coursework through the Integration of Evolutionary Developmental Biology

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 561-569
Author(s):  
Harald Parzer ◽  
Matthew Stansbury
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Undergraduate Curriculum ◽  
Evolutionary Developmental Biology ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Case Vignettes ◽  
Evo Devo

Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) is a recently established discipline that connects evolutionary theory with developmental biology. However, despite evo-devo's integral use of diverse insect taxa as model systems and its interdisciplinary approach, current introductory entomology textbooks fail to fully integrate evo-devo into the undergraduate curriculum. We argue that an evo-devo case-study-based approach, focused on adult development, will not only familiarize students with exciting findings in this field, but will also help them deepen their understanding of basic entomological concepts. After a short background of the most important findings and methods currently used in evo-devo, we outline five case vignettes that span a variety of insect groups and entomological topics, including morphology and sexual selection.

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