The pint- sized powerhouse: Illuminating the mighty role of the gut microbiome in improving the outcome of anti- cancer therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indranil Chattopadhyay ◽  
Deeptashree Nandi ◽  
Alo Nag
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Anti Cancer

Description of the role of pharmacist independent double checks during cognitive order verification of outpatient parenteral anti-cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 107815522199431
Author(s):  
Jennifer P Booth ◽  
Julie M Kennerly-Shah ◽  
Amber D Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Medication Error ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Error Reporting ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Medication Error Reporting ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
Type Frequency

Introduction To describe pharmacist interventions as a result of an independent double check during cognitive order verification of outpatient parenteral anti-cancer therapy. Methods A single-center, retrospective analysis of all individual orders for outpatient, parenteral anti-cancer agents within a hematology/oncology infusion center during a 30 day period was conducted. The primary endpoint was error identification rates during first and second verification. Secondary endpoints included the type, frequency, and severity of errors identified during second verification using a modified National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention Index. Results A total of 1970 anti-cancer parenteral orders were screened, from which 1645 received an independent double check and were included. The number of errors identified during first and second verification were 30 (1.8%) and 10 (0.6%) respectively; second verification resulted in a 33.3% increase in corrected errors. The 10 errors identified during second verification included: four rate transcriptions to optimize pump interoperability, three rate and/or volume modifications, two dosage adjustments, and one treatment deferral due to toxicity. The severity was classified as Category A for four (40%), Category C for three (30%), and Category D for three (30%) errors. This correlated to a low capacity for harm for seven (70%) and a serious capacity for three (30%) errors. Conclusions Second verification of outpatient, parenteral anti-cancer medication orders resulted in a 33.3% increase in corrected errors. Three errors detected during second verification were determined to have a serious capacity for harm, supporting the value of independent double checks during pharmacist cognitive order verification.

scholarly journals The role of Notch ligand, Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4), in cancer angiogenesis—implications for therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlena Brzozowa-Zasada
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Notch Signalling ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Gamma Secretase ◽  
Tumour Angiogenesis ◽  
Notch Signalling Pathway ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Blocking Agents ◽  
Anti Cancer

Summary Background It is generally accepted that angiogenesis is a complex and tightly regulated process characterized by the growth of blood vessels from existing vasculature. Activation of the Notch signalling pathway affects multiple aspects of vascular development. One of the components of the Notch signalling pathway, Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4), has recently appeared as a critical regulator of tumour angiogenesis and thus as a promising therapeutic target. Methods This review article includes available data from peer-reviewed publications associated with the role of DLL4 in cancer angiogenesis. Searches were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar and Web of Science using the terms “tumour angiogenesis”, “DLL4”, “Notch signalling” and “anti-cancer therapy”. Results The survival curves of cancer patients revealed that the patients with high DLL4 expression levels had significantly shorter survival times than the patients with low DLL4 expression. Moreover, a positive correlation was also identified between DLL4 and VEGF receptorsʼ expression levels. It seems that inhibition of DLL4 may exert potent growth inhibitory effects on some tumours resistant to anti-VEGF therapies. A great number of blocking agents of DLL4/Notch signalling including anti-DLL4 antibodies, DNA vaccination, Notch antibodies and gamma-secretase inhibitors have been studied in preclinical tumour models. Conclusion DLL4 seems to be a promising target in anti-cancer therapy. Nevertheless, the careful evaluation of adverse effects on normal physiological processes in relation to therapeutic doses of anti-DLL4 drugs will be significant for advancement of DLL4 blocking agents in clinical oncology.

scholarly journals The Multifaceted Role of Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy: Leveraging Autophagy with a Double-Edged Sword

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1138
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Jiayan Shi ◽  
Edouard C. Nice ◽  
Canhua Huang ◽  
Zheng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Autophagy Flux ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
New Research ◽  
Cancer Activity

Flavonoids are considered as pleiotropic, safe, and readily obtainable molecules. A large number of recent studies have proposed that flavonoids have potential in the treatment of tumors by the modulation of autophagy. In many cases, flavonoids suppress cancer by stimulating excessive autophagy or impairing autophagy flux especially in apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. However, the anti-cancer activity of flavonoids may be attenuated due to the simultaneous induction of protective autophagy. Notably, flavonoids-triggered protective autophagy is becoming a trend for preventing cancer in the clinical setting or for protecting patients from conventional therapeutic side effects in normal tissues. In this review, focusing on the underlying autophagic mechanisms of flavonoids, we hope to provide a new perspective for clinical application of flavonoids in cancer therapy. In addition, we highlight new research ideas for the development of new dosage forms of flavonoids to improve their various pharmacological effects, establishing flavonoids as ideal candidates for cancer prevention and therapy in the clinic.

Role of SCFAs in gut microbiome and glycolysis for colorectal cancer therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (10) ◽  
pp. 17023-17049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Yu‐Zhu Wang ◽  
Jun‐Jie Wang ◽  
Rui Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Gut Microbiome

scholarly journals MicroRNA-Based Combinatorial Cancer Therapy: Effects of MicroRNAs on the Efficacy of Anti-Cancer Therapies

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Ah Seo ◽  
Sokviseth Moeng ◽  
Seokmin Sim ◽  
Hyo Jeong Kuh ◽  
Soo Young Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Therapeutic Resistance ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Therapeutic Responses

The susceptibility of cancer cells to different types of treatments can be restricted by intrinsic and acquired therapeutic resistance, leading to the failure of cancer regression and remission. To overcome this problem, a combination therapy has been proposed as a fundamental strategy to improve therapeutic responses; however, resistance is still unavoidable. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are associated with cancer therapeutic resistance. The modulation of dysregulated miRNA levels through miRNA-based therapy comprising a replacement or inhibition approach has been proposed to sensitize cancer cells to other anti-cancer therapies. The combination of miRNA-based therapy with other anti-cancer therapies (miRNA-based combinatorial cancer therapy) is attractive, due to the ability of miRNAs to target multiple genes associated with the signaling pathways controlling therapeutic resistance. In this article, we present an overview of recent findings on the role of therapeutic resistance-related miRNAs in different types of cancer. We review the feasibility of utilizing dysregulated miRNAs in cancer cells and extracellular vesicles as potential candidates for miRNA-based combinatorial cancer therapy. We also discuss innate properties of miRNAs that need to be considered for more effective combinatorial cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Potential Role of the Gut Microbiome In Colorectal Cancer Progression

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeho Kim ◽  
Heung Kyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Anti Cancer

An increasing number of studies have revealed that the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) is related to gut microbiome composition. Under normal conditions, the gut microbiome acts as a barrier to other pathogens or infections in the intestine and modulates inflammation by affecting the host immune system. These gut microbiota are not only related to the intestinal inflammation associated with tumorigenesis but also modulation of the anti-cancer immune response. Thus, they are associated with tumor progression and anti-cancer treatment efficacy. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota can be used as biomarkers to predict the effect of immunotherapy and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in treating CRC through modulation. In this review, we discuss the role of the gut microbiome as revealed by recent studies of the growth and progression of CRC along with its synergistic effect with anti-cancer treatment modalities.

scholarly journals Chloroquine enhanced the anticancer capacity of VNP20009 by inhibiting autophagy

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxin Zhang ◽  
Qiaoqiao Xu ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Zhang ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Wenmin Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Inhibit Tumor Growth ◽  
B16f10 Cells ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Targeting Ability ◽  
Novel Strategy

Abstract Bacteria-based living anticancer agents have emerged as promising therapeutics. However, the functional role of autophagy in bacterial cancer therapy has been little investigated. In this study, Salmonella VNP20009 induced autophagy in B16F10 cells, which is an unfavorable factor in bacterial cancer therapy. Inhibiting the induction of autophagy by chloroquine or siRNA in bacterial cancer therapy dose- and time-dependently promoted cell death. The combined therapy of VNP20009 and chloroquine not only enhanced the bacterial tumor targeting ability but also facilitated the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor. Our results showed that the combined therapy of VNP20009 and chloroquine could significantly inhibit tumor growth and prolong mouse survival time. This study provides a novel strategy for improving the anti-cancer efficacy of bacterial cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal cancers: the role of microbiota in carcinogenesis and the role of probiotics and microbiota in anti-cancer therapy efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-487
Author(s):  
Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka ◽  
Jakub Ruszkowski ◽  
Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka ◽  
Jakub Jędrzejczak ◽  
Marcin Folwarski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Therapy Efficacy ◽  
Anti Cancer
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