scholarly journals Clinical and biological significance of HLA-G expression in ovarian cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Jinn-Chyuan Sheu ◽  
Ie-Ming Shih
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Biological Significance

scholarly journals Biological Significance of Apoptosis in Ovarian Cancer: TRAIL Therapeutic Targeting

10.5772/53380 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadzeya Goncharenko-Khaider ◽  
Denis Lane ◽  
Isabelle Matte ◽  
Claudine Rancourt ◽  
Alain Piche
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Therapeutic Targeting

scholarly journals Modelling the Functions of Polo-Like Kinases in Mice and Their Applications as Cancer Targets with a Special Focus on Ovarian Cancer

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1176
Author(s):  
Monika Kressin ◽  
Daniela Fietz ◽  
Sven Becker ◽  
Klaus Strebhardt
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Cell Cycle Regulators ◽  
Multiple Cancer ◽  
Mitotic Kinases ◽  
Role Modelling ◽  
Culture Models

Polo-like kinases (PLKs) belong to a five-membered family of highly conserved serine/threonine kinases (PLK1-5) that play differentiated and essential roles as key mitotic kinases and cell cycle regulators and with this in proliferation and cellular growth. Besides, evidence is accumulating for complex and vital non-mitotic functions of PLKs. Dysregulation of PLKs is widely associated with tumorigenesis and by this, PLKs have gained increasing significance as attractive targets in cancer with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential. PLK1 has proved to have strong clinical relevance as it was found to be over-expressed in different cancer types and linked to poor patient prognosis. Targeting the diverse functions of PLKs (tumor suppressor, oncogenic) are currently at the center of numerous investigations in particular with the inhibition of PLK1 and PLK4, respectively in multiple cancer trials. Functions of PLKs and the effects of their inhibition have been extensively studied in cancer cell culture models but information is rare on how these drugs affect benign tissues and organs. As a step further towards clinical application as cancer targets, mouse models therefore play a central role. Modelling PLK function in animal models, e.g., by gene disruption or by treatment with small molecule PLK inhibitors offers promising possibilities to unveil the biological significance of PLKs in cancer maintenance and progression and give important information on PLKs’ applicability as cancer targets. In this review we aim at summarizing the approaches of modelling PLK function in mice so far with a special glimpse on the significance of PLKs in ovarian cancer and of orthotopic cancer models used in this fatal malignancy.

Biological Significance of Erythropoietin and Erythropoietin Receptor Expression by Human Ovarian Cancer Cells.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 2214-2214
Author(s):  
Jee-Yeong Jeong ◽  
Laurie Feldman ◽  
Peter Solar ◽  
Arthur J. Sytkowski
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cell ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Epor Expression

Abstract Erythropoietin (Epo) is the primary regulator of erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation mediated through its specific binding to the Epo receptor (EpoR). Epo also is known to have non-hematopoietic actions, including the promotion of wound healing, tissue protection and others. Accumulating evidence demonstrating both Epo and EpoR expression in many types of human cancers has raised concern about the clinical use of Epo and other erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) in cancer-related anemia, since the presence of functional EpoR on the tumor cells suggests the potential for an adverse effect of Epo treatment by enhancing cancer growth and progression. Previously, we demonstrated that A2780 ovarian cancer cells express the EpoR gene and that long-term Epo treatment of these cells renders them resistant to paclitaxel. We now report the characterization and biological significance of Epo and EpoR expression by four ovarian cancer cell lines. Using semi-quantitative RT-PCR, restriction digestion of the PCR products and DNA sequence analysis, we demonstrated that A2780, CaOV, SKOV, and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cell lines examined express Epo and EpoR at the mRNA level. We demonstrated EpoR protein expression both by western blotting and by immunofluorescence, and demonstrated biologically active Epo protein expression by quantitative in vitro bioassay of the cell culture supernatants. The EpoR on A2780 cells are functional, since Epo stimulation of the cells resulted in a time-dependent 5-fold increase in phosphorylation of Erk1/2 that reached a peak in 10 min and then returned to the basal level. None of the cell lines exhibited a short-term (3-day) growth response in culture to exogenous Epo. However, addition of a neutralizing anti-Epo antibody to the cell culture resulted in partial growth inhibition of A2780 cells that was reversed by addition of excess Epo, consistent with an autocrine/paracrine mechanism of Epo growth enhancement of these cells. We also found that long-term Epo treatment of A2780 cells resulted in the development of a phenotype exhibiting enhanced Epo signaling, evidenced by a 20-fold increase in phosphorylation levels of Erk1/2. This phenotype was sustained even after the removal of Epo, suggesting a mechanism underlying the paclitaxel resistance developed after long-term Epo treatment. Our findings have implications for the clinical use of recombinant human Epo and other ESAs to correct and/or prevent anemia in ovarian and, potentially, other cancer patients. They also suggest that endogenous Epo and the EpoR may serve as novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of cancer patients.

scholarly journals Biological Significance of Focal Adhesion Kinase in Ovarian Cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 1087-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil K. Sood ◽  
Jeremy E. Coffin ◽  
Galen B. Schneider ◽  
Mavis S. Fletcher ◽  
Barry R. DeYoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Focal Adhesion Kinase ◽  
Focal Adhesion ◽  
Biological Significance

scholarly journals Robust high-performance nanoliter-volume single-cell multiple displacement amplification on planar substrates

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (30) ◽  
pp. 8484-8489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaston Leung ◽  
Anders Klaus ◽  
Bill K. Lin ◽  
Emma Laks ◽  
Justina Biele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Multiple Displacement Amplification ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Phase Cell ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Diploid Cells

The genomes of large numbers of single cells must be sequenced to further understanding of the biological significance of genomic heterogeneity in complex systems. Whole genome amplification (WGA) of single cells is generally the first step in such studies, but is prone to nonuniformity that can compromise genomic measurement accuracy. Despite recent advances, robust performance in high-throughput single-cell WGA remains elusive. Here, we introduce droplet multiple displacement amplification (MDA), a method that uses commercially available liquid dispensing to perform high-throughput single-cell MDA in nanoliter volumes. The performance of droplet MDA is characterized using a large dataset of 129 normal diploid cells, and is shown to exceed previously reported single-cell WGA methods in amplification uniformity, genome coverage, and/or robustness. We achieve up to 80% coverage of a single-cell genome at 5× sequencing depth, and demonstrate excellent single-nucleotide variant (SNV) detection using targeted sequencing of droplet MDA product to achieve a median allelic dropout of 15%, and using whole genome sequencing to achieve false and true positive rates of 9.66 × 10−6 and 68.8%, respectively, in a G1-phase cell. We further show that droplet MDA allows for the detection of copy number variants (CNVs) as small as 30 kb in single cells of an ovarian cancer cell line and as small as 9 Mb in two high-grade serous ovarian cancer samples using only 0.02× depth. Droplet MDA provides an accessible and scalable method for performing robust and accurate CNV and SNV measurements on large numbers of single cells.

scholarly journals The biological significance and clinical applications of exosomes in ovarian cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Deepa Priya Dorayappan ◽  
John J. Wallbillich ◽  
David E. Cohn ◽  
Karuppaiyah Selvendiran
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Clinical Applications

Microstructural morphology of sphingolipid dispersions as investigated by freeze-fracture EM

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 944-945
Author(s):  
Vitthal S. Kulkarni ◽  
Wayne H. Anderson ◽  
Rhoderick E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Fatty Acyl Moiety ◽  
Aqueous Dispersions ◽  
Head Groups ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Microstructural Morphology ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The biological significance of the sphingomyelins (SM) and monoglycosylated sphingolipids like galactosylceramides (GalCer) are well documented Our recent investigation showed tubular bilayers in the aqueous dispersions of N-nervonoyl GalCer [N-(24:lΔ15,cls) GalCer] (a major fatty acyl moiety of natural GalCer). To determine the influence of lipid head groups on the resulting mesophasic morphology, we investigated microstructural self-assemblies of N-nervonoyl-SM [N-(24:1 Δ15,cls) SM; the second most abundant sphingomyelin in mammalian cell membranes], 1- palmitoyl-2-nervonoyl phosphatidylcholine [PNPC] (the lipid species with the same acyl chain configuration as in N-(24: 1) GalCer) and also compared it with egg-SM by freeze-fracture EM.Procedures for synthesizing and purifying N-(24:1) GalCer, N-(24:1) SM, and PNPC have been reported . Egg-SM was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster AL. All lipids were >99% pure as checked by thin layer chromatography. Lipid dispersions were prepared by hydrating dry lipid with phosphate buffer (pH 6.6) at 80-90°C (3-5 min), vigorously vortexing (1 min) and repeating this procedure for three times prior to three freeze-thaw cycles.

Ultrastructural Localization Study of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) in Gastric Cancer: Immunoelectron Microscopic Observation

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-253
Author(s):  
Dong Yuming ◽  
Yang Guanglin ◽  
Wu Jifeng ◽  
Chen Xiaolin
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Mucinous Carcinoma ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Tubular Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Pap Method

On the basis of light microscopic observation, the ultrastructural localization of CEA in gastric cancer was studied by immunoelectron microscopic technique. The distribution of CEA in gastric cancer and its biological significance and the mechanism of abnormal distribution of CEA were further discussed.Among 104 surgically resected specimens of gastric cancer with PAP method at light microscopic level, the incidence of CEA(+) was 85.58%. All of mucinous carcinoma exhibited CEA(+). In tubular adenocarcinoma the incidence of CEA(+) showed a tendency to rising with the increase of degree of differentiation. In normal epithelia and intestinal metaplasia CEA was faintly present and was found only in the luminal surface. The CEA staining patterns in cancer cells were of three types--- cytoplasmic, membranous and weak reactive type. The ultrastructural localization of CEA in 14 cases of gastric cancer was studied by immunoelectron microscopic technique.There was a little or no CEA in the microvilli of normal epithelia. In intestinal metaplasia CEA was found on the microvilli of absorptive cells and among the mucus particles of goblet cells. In gastric cancer CEA was also distributed on the lateral and basal surface or even over the entire surface of cancer cells and lost their polarity completely. Many studies had proved that the alterations in surface glycoprotein were characteristic changes of tumor cells. The antigenic determinant of CEA was glycoprotein, so the alterations of tumor-associated surface glycoprotein opened up a new way for the diagnosis of tumors.

Impact of extended cycles of chemotherapy on survival outcome in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 346-347
Author(s):  
W.Y. Hwang ◽  
S.I. Kim ◽  
M. Lee ◽  
K. Kim ◽  
J.H. No ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Survival Outcome
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