Effects of minor alloy additions and oxidation temperature on protective alumina scale formation in creep-resistant austenitic stainless steels

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1117-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Brady ◽  
Y. Yamamoto ◽  
M.L. Santella ◽  
B.A. Pint
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Alumina Scale ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
Oxidation Temperature

Corrosion, Wear, and Galling Tests of IC218, a Chromium-Bearing Alloy of Ni3Al

1988 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradford A. Dulmaine
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Alumina Scale ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Aqueous Corrosion ◽  
Bearing Alloy

ABSTRACTIC218 contains about 8.4% aluminum and about 7.8% chromium by weight and forms a tenacious alumina scale. In this work the ability of the scale to protect against aqueous corrosion and abrasive and adhesive wear was evaluated. Wrought IC218 was heat treated at 1150°C, yielding a microstructure of ordered FCC islands in a disordered FCC matrix. This material was more resistant to corrosion than common stainless steels in 96% or 98% sulfuric acid and in 5% hydrochloric acid. It was approximately equivalent to stainless steels in 10% sulfuric acid, 50% acetic acid, 50% sodium hydroxide, 5% sodium chloride, and in a sodium chloride + ferric sulfate + hydrochloric acid mixture used to test for pitting resistance. The IC218 performed poorly in 45% sulfuric acid, 20% or 65% nitric acid, 20% phosphoric acid, and in electrolytic 10% oxalic acid. It did not exhibit sensitivity to intergranular corrosion. It resisted stress corrosion cracking at a stress level equal to its yield strength, 645 MPa, in 45% magnesium chloride and in NACE TM0177, a test that simulates an oil well environment. IC218 wore more quickly than austenitic stainless steels do in a dry-sand-rubber-wheel test, but resisted galling as well as or better than most of them do.

On the Loss of Protective Scale Formation in Creep-Resistant, Alumina-Forming Austenitic Stainless Steels at 900°C in Air

2008 ◽  
Vol 595-598 ◽  
pp. 725-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Brady ◽  
Yukinori Yamamoto ◽  
Bruce A. Pint ◽  
M.L. Santella ◽  
P.J. Maziasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Oxidation ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Al2o3 Scale ◽  
Internal Nitridation ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Nb Additions

A family of creep-resistant, Al2O3-forming austenitic (AFA) stainless steels was recently developed. The alloys exhibit excellent oxidation resistance up to ∼800°C, but are susceptible to internal attack of Al at higher temperatures. In the present work, higher levels of Ni, Cr, Al, and Nb additions were found to correlate with improved oxidation behavior at 900°C in air. The alloys generally appeared to be initially capable of external Al2O3 scale formation, with a subsequent transition to internal attack of Al (internal oxidation and internal nitridation) that is dependent on alloy composition. Compositional profiles at the alloy/scale interface suggest that the transition to internal oxidation is preceded by subsurface depletion of Al in the lower-Al compositions. In higher Al-containing compositions, NiAl second-phase precipitates act as an Al reservoir, and Al depletion may not be a key factor. Alloy design directions to increase the upper-temperature limit of protective Al2O3 scale formation in these alloys are discussed.

Radiation Damage Studies with the HVEM

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
J. J. Laidler ◽  
B. Mastel
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Fast Breeder Reactors ◽  
Breeder Reactors ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Development Laboratory ◽  
Insight Into

One of the major materials problems encountered in the development of fast breeder reactors for commercial power generation is the phenomenon of swelling in core structural components and fuel cladding. This volume expansion, which is due to the retention of lattice vacancies by agglomeration into large polyhedral clusters (voids), may amount to ten percent or greater at goal fluences in some austenitic stainless steels. From a design standpoint, this is an undesirable situation, and it is necessary to obtain experimental confirmation that such excessive volume expansion will not occur in materials selected for core applications in the Fast Flux Test Facility, the prototypic LMFBR now under construction at the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (HEDL). The HEDL JEM-1000 1 MeV electron microscope is being used to provide an insight into trends of radiation damage accumulation in stainless steels, since it is possible to produce atom displacements at an accelerated rate with 1 MeV electrons, while the specimen is under continuous observation.

Strain-induced martensite effects on transgranular carbide precipitation in type 304 stainless steels

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 604-605
Author(s):  
A.H. Advani ◽  
L.E. Murr ◽  
D. Matlock
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Deformation Twin ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Carbide Precipitation ◽  
Strain Induced Martensite ◽  
Type 304

Thermomechanically induced strain is a key variable producing accelerated carbide precipitation, sensitization and stress corrosion cracking in austenitic stainless steels (SS). Recent work has indicated that higher levels of strain (above 20%) also produce transgranular (TG) carbide precipitation and corrosion simultaneous with the grain boundary phenomenon in 316 SS. Transgranular precipitates were noted to form primarily on deformation twin-fault planes and their intersections in 316 SS.Briant has indicated that TG precipitation in 316 SS is significantly different from 304 SS due to the formation of strain-induced martensite on 304 SS, though an understanding of the role of martensite on the process has not been developed. This study is concerned with evaluating the effects of strain and strain-induced martensite on TG carbide precipitation in 304 SS. The study was performed on samples of a 0.051%C-304 SS deformed to 33% followed by heat treatment at 670°C for 1 h.

Effect of Zr addition on alumina scale formation during oxidation of high purity FeCrAlY-alloy

2003 ◽  
Vol 91 (7-8-9) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Naumenko ◽  
V. Kochubey ◽  
J. Le Coze ◽  
L. Niewolak ◽  
L. Singheiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Alumina Scale ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
Zr Addition

Oxidation behavior of 26Cr-16Ni and AISI 309 austenitic stainless steels in air flow at 1,173 K

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 597-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peeraya Pipatnukun ◽  
Panyawat Wangyao ◽  
Gobboon Lothongkum
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Oxidation Behavior ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels

EPRI P87

Alloy Digest ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels

Abstract EPRI P87 is a MMA electrode designed for dissimilation joints between austenitic stainless steels (i.e. 304H) and a creep resisting CrMo alloy (i.e. P91). This datasheet provides information on composition and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on joining. Filing Code: Ni-685. Producer or source: Metrode Products Ltd.

CARPENTER STAINLESS 304+B

Alloy Digest ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Neutron Absorption ◽  
Absorption Cross ◽  
Type 304 ◽  
Conventional Type ◽  
Neutron Absorption Cross Section

Abstract Carpenter Stainless 304+B is similar to conventional Type 304 with the addition of boron to give it a much higher thermal neutron absorption cross-section than other austenitic stainless steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-121. Producer or source: Carpenter.

ALZ 316

Alloy Digest ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating

Abstract ALZ 316 is an austenitic stainless steel with good formability, corrosion resistance, toughness, and mechanical properties. It is the basic grade of the stainless steels, containing 2 to 3% molybdenum. After the 304 series, the molybdenum-containing stainless steels are the most widely used austenitic stainless steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-756. Producer or source: ALZ nv.

AVESTA SHEFFIELD SAF 2507

Alloy Digest ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Very High

Abstract Avesta Sheffield SAF 2507 is an austenitic/ferritic duplex stainless steel with very high strength. The alloy has a lower coefficient of thermal expansion and a higher thermal conductivity than austenitic stainless steels. The alloy has a high resistance to pitting, crevice, and general corrosion; it has a very high resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-652. Producer or source: Avesta Sheffield Inc.

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