Quantitative microbial risk assessment combined with hydrodynamic modelling to estimate the public health risk associated with bathing after rainfall events

2016 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 270-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasil Ejigu Eregno ◽  
Ingun Tryland ◽  
Torulv Tjomsland ◽  
Mette Myrmel ◽  
Lucy Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Hydrodynamic Modelling ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
The Public

scholarly journals Quantifying public health risks from exposure to waterborne pathogens during river bathing as a basis for reduction of disease burden

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-305
Author(s):  
M. M. Majedul Islam ◽  
Md. Atikul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Untreated Sewage ◽  
Three Rivers

Abstract A Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) technique was applied to assess the public health risk from exposure to infectious microorganisms at bathing areas of three rivers in Bangladesh. The QMRA assessed the probability of illness due to the accidental ingestion of river water impacted by untreated sewage. The simplified QMRA was based on average concentrations of four reference pathogens Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7, Cryptosporidium spp, norovirus and rotavirus relative to indicator bacterium E. coli. Public health risk was estimated as the probability of infection and illness from a single exposure of bathers. The risks of illness were ranged from 7 to 10% for E. coli O157:H7, 13 to 19% for Cryptosporidium, 7 to 10% for norovirus and 12 to 17% for rotavirus. The overall risk of illness at the rivers was slightly higher in children (9–19%) compared to adults (7–16%). The risks of illness in individuals exposed to the river bathing were unacceptably high, exceeding the USEPA acceptable risk of 3–6 illnesses per hundred bathing events. This study gives a basis for reducing the burden of disease in the population by applying appropriate risk management. Findings and methods of this study will be helpful for other countries with similar socio-economic and geographic settings.

Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes in Leafy Green Vegetables Consumed at Salad Bars

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. FRANZ ◽  
S. O. TROMP ◽  
H. RIJGERSBERG ◽  
H. J. van der FELS-KLERX
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli

Fresh vegetables are increasingly recognized as a source of foodborne outbreaks in many parts of the world. The purpose of this study was to conduct a quantitative microbial risk assessment for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes infection from consumption of leafy green vegetables in salad from salad bars in The Netherlands. Pathogen growth was modeled in Aladin (Agro Logistics Analysis and Design Instrument) using time-temperature profiles in the chilled supply chain and one particular restaurant with a salad bar. A second-order Monte Carlo risk assessment model was constructed (using @Risk) to estimate the public health effects. The temperature in the studied cold chain was well controlled below 5°C. Growth of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella was minimal (17 and 15%, respectively). Growth of L. monocytogenes was considerably greater (194%). Based on first-order Monte Carlo simulations, the average number of cases per year in The Netherlands associated the consumption leafy greens in salads from salad bars was 166, 187, and 0.3 for E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes, respectively. The ranges of the average number of annual cases as estimated by second-order Monte Carlo simulation (with prevalence and number of visitors as uncertain variables) were 42 to 551 for E. coli O157:H7, 81 to 281 for Salmonella, and 0.1 to 0.9 for L. monocytogenes. This study included an integration of modeling pathogen growth in the supply chain of fresh leafy vegetables destined for restaurant salad bars using software designed to model and design logistics and modeling the public health effects using probabilistic risk assessment software.

scholarly journals Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment for Workers Exposed to Bioaerosol in Wastewater Treatment Plants Aimed at the Choice and Setup of Safety Measures

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalaura Carducci ◽  
Gabriele Donzelli ◽  
Lorenzo Cioni ◽  
Ileana Federigi ◽  
Roberto Lombardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
The Impact

Biological risk assessment in occupational settings currently is based on either qualitative or semiquantitative analysis. In this study, a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) has been applied to estimate the human adenovirus (HAdV) health risk due to bioaerosol exposure in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). A stochastic QMRA model was developed considering HAdV as the index pathogen, using its concentrations in different areas and published dose–response relationship for inhalation. A sensitivity analysis was employed to examine the impact of input parameters on health risk. The QMRA estimated a higher average risk in sewage influent and biological oxidation tanks (15.64% and 12.73% for an exposure of 3 min). Sensitivity analysis indicated HAdV concentration as a predominant factor in the estimated risk. QMRA results were used to calculate the exposure limits considering four different risk levels (one illness case per 100, 1.000, 10.000, and 100.000 workers): for 3 min exposures, we obtained 565, 170, 54, and 6 GC/m3 of HAdV. We also calculated the maximum time of exposure for each level for different areas. Our findings can be useful to better define the effectiveness of control measures, which would thus reduce the virus concentration or the exposure time.

Quantifying the Risk of Human Toxoplasma gondii Infection Due to Consumption of Domestically Produced Lamb in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 1181-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIAO GUO ◽  
ABHINAV MISHRA ◽  
ROBERT L. BUCHANAN ◽  
JITENDER P. DUBEY ◽  
DOLORES E. HILL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Health Burden

ABSTRACT Toxoplasma gondii is a prevalent protozoan parasite worldwide. Human toxoplasmosis is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality in the United States, and meat products have been identified as an important source of T. gondii infections in humans. The goal of this study was to develop a farm-to-table quantitative microbial risk assessment model to predict the public health burden in the United States associated with consumption of U.S. domestically produced lamb. T. gondii prevalence in market lambs was pooled from the 2011 National Animal Health Monitoring System survey, and the concentration of the infectious life stage (bradyzoites) was calculated in the developed model. A log-linear regression and an exponential dose-response model were used to model the reduction of T. gondii during home cooking and to predict the probability of infection, respectively. The mean probability of infection per serving of lamb was estimated to be 1.5 cases per 100,000 servings, corresponding to ~6,300 new infections per year in the U.S. population. Based on the sensitivity analysis, we identified cooking as the most effective method to influence human health risk. This study provided a quantitative microbial risk assessment framework for T. gondii infection through consumption of lamb and quantified the infection risk and public health burden associated with lamb consumption.

scholarly journals Health-risk assessment for roof-harvested rainwater via QMRA in Ikorodu area, Lagos, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuemeka Kingsley John ◽  
Jaan H. Pu ◽  
Rodrigo Moruzzi ◽  
Manish Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Risk Of Exposure

Abstract This paper presents a study to assess the roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW) in the Ikorodu area of Lagos state, Nigeria, and recommends guidance to minimise the health risk for its households. The types, design and use of rainwater harvesting systems have been evaluated in the study area to inspect the human risk of exposure to Escherichia coli (E. coli). To achieve these objectives, a detailed survey involving 125 households has been conducted which showed that 25% of them drink RHRW. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) analysis has been used to quantify the risk of exposure to harmful E. coli from RHRW utilised as potable water, based on the ingestion of 2 L of rainwater per day per capita. Results have revealed that the maximum E. coli exposure risk from the consumption of RHRW, without application of any household water treatment technique (HHTTs) and with application of alum only, were 100 and 96 respectively, for the estimated number of infection risk per 10,000 exposed households per year. This estimation has been done based on 7% of E. coli as viable and harmful. Conclusively, it is necessary that a form of disinfectant be applied to the RHRW before use.

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