In vitro digestion and DGT techniques for estimating cadmium and lead bioavailability in contaminated soils: Influence of gastric juice pH

2011 ◽  
Vol 409 (23) ◽  
pp. 5076-5085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Pelfrêne ◽  
Christophe Waterlot ◽  
Francis Douay
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

scholarly journals Arsenic Metabolism by Human Gut Microbiota upon in Vitro Digestion of Contaminated Soils

2010 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 1004-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Van de Wiele ◽  
Christina M. Gallawa ◽  
Kevin M. Kubachk ◽  
John T. Creed ◽  
Nicholas Basta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Arsenic Metabolism ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

scholarly journals Survival of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei LBC 81 in Fermented Beverage from Chickpeas and Coconut in a Static In Vitro Digestion Model

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Maria Carolina Mesquita ◽  
Eliana dos Santos Leandro ◽  
Ernandes Rodrigues de Alencar ◽  
Raquel Braz Assunção Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Pancreatic Juice ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Fermented Beverage

The objective of this study was to evaluate in a static in vitro digestion model the survival of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei LBC 81 in fermented chickpea and coconut beverage. The fermented beverage was stored for 1 and 8 days at 4 °C and then submitted to gastric juice, pancreatic juice, or sequential exposure to gastric and pancreatic juice. The experiment controls were (i) control 1—suspension of cells in 0.85% saline solution; (ii) control 2—cell suspension in chickpea and coconut beverage. The survival of L. paracasei was determined in log CFU/mL and expressed as a survival percentage. The survival of L. paracasei in the fermented beverage after exposure to gastric juice and sequential exposure to gastric and pancreatic juice was 99.47 + 2.05% and 93.21 + 0.43%, respectively. These values were higher than those found for controls 1 and 2. The storage condition of the fermented beverage for 1 or 8 days at 4 °C did not affect the survival after exposure to gastric juice, pancreatic juice, or sequential exposure. The results obtained in this study conclude that the fermented beverage of chickpeas and coconut is an excellent carrier for L. paracasei LBC 81, capable of enhancing survival to gastrointestinal conditions and ensuring a greater number of viable cells reaching the intestinal epithelium.

scholarly journals ARB and ARGs survived from the extremely acidity posing a risk on intestinal bacteria in an in vitro digestion model by horizontal gene transfer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiujie Cai ◽  
Yanbin Xu ◽  
Min Zhou ◽  
Ling Yu ◽  
Pengqian Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Transfer Potential

Abstract Background: Antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been considered as emerging contaminants, which even might be closely related to human health.Methods: To investigate the disease-producing risk of ARB and the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) risks of both extracellular ARGs (eARGs) and intracellular ARGs (iARGs), an in vitro digestion model was established to simulate the process of ARB and ARGs going through digestive tract. CTC/DAPI-FCM assay was used to study the survival of ARB during digestion, and the changes of genes (including tetA, tetG, tetM, sul1, sul2, bla EBC, bla FOX, intI1 and 16S rRNA) were determined by QPCR.Results: The results showed that ARB were mostly affected by pH of gastric juice. About 99% ARB (total population of 2.45 × 109–2.54 × 109) were killed by the gastric juice of pH 2.0 for the severely damage of bacterial cell membrane, but more than 80% ARB (total population of 2.71 × 109–3.90 × 109) were still alive with intact cell membrane when the pH of gastric juice increased to 3.0 and above. ARGs, intI1 and 16S rRNA could be detectable even at extreme pH when most bacteria died. The eARGs (accounting for 0.03%–24.56% of total genes) were less than iARGs obviously. The eARGs showed greater HGT potential than that of iARGs, suggesting transformation occurs more easily than conjugation. The transfer potential followed the order as: tet (100%) > sul (75%) > bla (58%), related to the high correlation of intI1 with tetA and sul2 (p < 0.01). Moreover, gastric juice of pH 1.0 could decrease the transfer frequency of ARGs by 2–3 order of magnitude compared to the control, but still threatening human health.Conclusions: Under the treatment of digestive juice, ARGs still have high gene horizontal transfer potential, suggesting that food-borne ARB pose a risk of ARGs horizontal transfer to intestinal bacteria.

Gastric Fibrinolysis

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M Nilsson ◽  
S.-E Bergentz ◽  
U Hedner ◽  
K Kullenberg
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Duodenal Juice ◽  
Bleeding Tendency ◽  
Local Fibrinolysis ◽  
Heated Plates

SummaryGastric juice from 15 normals, 20 patients with gastric ulcer and 4 patients with erosive haemorrhagic gastroduodenitis was investigated in respect of its activity on unheated and heated fibrin plates and its content of FDP and plasminogen or plasmin with immunochemical methods. Gastric juice from normals showed no activity on unheated and heated fibrin plates, and no FDP or plasminogen could be demonstrated. In the patients with gastric ulcer the gastric juice showed little or no fibrinolytic activity on fibrin plates except in 2, who had regurgitation of duodenal juice and neutral pH of the juice. These patients had equally high activity on heated as on unheated plates and no plasmin could be demonstrated. It was shown that this activity was not due to fibrinolysis, but to non-specific proteolytic activity (probably trypsin). The patients with erosive haemorrhagic gastroduodenitis exhibited quite a different picture. The gastric juice from these patients showed extremely high activity on fibrin plates, the activity was higher on unheated than on heated plates. The activity was inhibited in vitro by addition of EACA and in vivo after administration of AMCA. The occurrence of plasmin could be demonstrated directly immunologically in the gastric juice. By comparison of plasmin and trypsin in various assays it could further be proved that the gastric juice in these cases contained plasminogen activator and plasmin. The patients with erosive haemorrhagic gastroduodenitis showed no increase in fibrinolysis in the blood, but low values for plasminogen and α2M, and the serum contained FDP. These findings in the blood and gastric juice were interpreted as signs of local fibrinolysis in the stomach and duodenum. There is reason to assume that this gastric fibrinolysis contributes substantially to the bleeding tendency. The effect of administration of AMCA on fibrinolytic activity and the haemorrhage lends support to the assumption of such a mechanism.

Role of vitamin C in gastric cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 01 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takalkar U Vidyadhar
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
H Pylori

Gastric cancer is a multifactorial disease with complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infestation has been identified as the most important etiological agent in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Also, the role of dietary factors that is low consumption of fruits and vegetables have been found to be associated with gastric cancer. Among the dietary factors, antioxidants especially vitamin C has been found to confer the strongest protection against gastric cancer. Its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic action has been suggested in vitro. Because of its antioxidant activity, it protects cells against oxidative DNA damage caused by toxic effects of reactive oxygen species. It also inhibits production of carcinogenic N-nitroso compound in the stomach. The person with H. pylori infection has low levels of vitamin C in their gastric juice and levels of vitamin C normalizes on eradication of H. pylori. Vitamin C levels are high in gastric mucosa and gastric juice, sometimes more than that of in plasma. But gastric pathological conditions cause lowered secretion of vitamin C into gastric juice. Effect of H. pylori on vitamin C in gastric juice is reversible and on eradication of H. pylori, it returns to normal level. Hence, eradication of H. pylori and chemoprevention with antioxidant supplementation will be an effective preventive strategy to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer and related mortality. Vitamin C and gastric cancer is an area of potential interest for researchers as a preventive measure. Keywords: Vitamin C, H. pylori, gastric cancer.

scholarly journals Differential impact of Holder and High Temperature Short Time pasteurization on the dynamic in vitro digestion of human milk in a preterm newborn model

2020 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 127126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Nebbia ◽  
Marzia Giribaldi ◽  
Laura Cavallarin ◽  
Enrico Bertino ◽  
Alessandra Coscia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Preterm Newborn ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
High Temperature Short Time ◽  
Short Time

Interaction between barley β-glucan and corn starch and its effects on the in vitro digestion of starch

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 240-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Yanjun Tian ◽  
Zibo Song ◽  
Lianzhong Ai
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
In Vitro Digestion

scholarly journals Bovine Milk-Derived Emulsifiers Increase Triglyceride Absorption in Newborn Formula-Fed Pigs

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Bach Korsholm Knudsen ◽  
Christine Heerup ◽  
Tine Røngaard Stange Jensen ◽  
Xiaolu Geng ◽  
Nikolaj Drachmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Lipid Digestion ◽  
Soy Lecithin ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membranes

Efficient lipid digestion in formula-fed infants is required to ensure the availability of fatty acids for normal organ development. Previous studies suggest that the efficiency of lipid digestion may depend on whether lipids are emulsified with soy lecithin or fractions derived from bovine milk. This study, therefore, aimed to determine whether emulsification with bovine milk-derived emulsifiers or soy lecithin (SL) influenced lipid digestion in vitro and in vivo. Lipid digestibility was determined in vitro in oil-in-water emulsions using four different milk-derived emulsifiers or SL, and the ultrastructural appearance of the emulsions was assessed using electron microscopy. Subsequently, selected emulsions were added to a base diet and fed to preterm neonatal piglets. Initially, preterm pigs equipped with an ileostomy were fed experimental formulas for seven days and stoma output was collected quantitatively. Next, lipid absorption kinetics was studied in preterm pigs given pure emulsions. Finally, complete formulas with different emulsions were fed for four days, and the post-bolus plasma triglyceride level was determined. Milk-derived emulsifiers (containing protein and phospholipids from milk fat globule membranes and extracellular vesicles) showed increased effects on fat digestion compared to SL in an in vitro digestion model. Further, milk-derived emulsifiers significantly increased the digestion of triglyceride in the preterm piglet model compared with SL. Ultra-structural images indicated a more regular and smooth surface of fat droplets emulsified with milk-derived emulsifiers relative to SL. We conclude that, relative to SL, milk-derived emulsifiers lead to a different surface ultrastructure on the lipid droplets, and increase lipid digestion.

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