Long-term evaluation of growth and production of olive cultivars in super high-density orchard under cold-weather conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 108657
Author(s):  
Ana Centeno ◽  
Antonio Hueso ◽  
María Gómez-del-Campo
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Term Evaluation

N2O emissions from secondary clarifiers and their contribution to the total emissions of the WWTP

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mikola ◽  
Mari Heinonen ◽  
Heta Kosonen ◽  
Maarit Leppänen ◽  
Pirjo Rantanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Term Variation ◽  
Online Measurements ◽  
June July

Recent studies have indicated that the emissions of nitrous oxide, N2O, constitute a major part of the carbon footprint of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Denitrification occurring in the secondary clarifier basins has been observed by many researchers, but until now N2O emissions from secondary clarifiers have not been widely reported. The objective of this study was to measure the N2O emissions from secondary clarifiers and weigh the portion they could represent of the overall emissions at WWTPs. Online measurements over several days were carried out at four different municipal WWTPs in Finland in cold weather conditions (March) and in warm weather conditions (June–July). An attempt was made to define the conditions in which N2O emissions from secondary clarifiers may occur. It was evidenced that large amounts of N2O can be emitted from the secondary clarifiers, and that the emissions have long-term variation. It was assumed that part of the N2O released in secondary clarification was originally formed in the activated sludge basin. The emissions from secondary clarification thus seem to be dependent on conditions of the nitrification and denitrification accomplished in the denitrification–nitrification process and on the amount of sludge stored in the secondary clarifiers.

scholarly journals Use of a multilayer snow model to assess grazing conditions for reindeer

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (62) ◽  
pp. 214-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vikhamar-Schuler ◽  
I. Hanssen-Bauer ◽  
T.V. Schuler ◽  
S.D. Mathiesen ◽  
M. Lehning
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Density ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Ground Ice ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Snow Model ◽  
Snow Cover Duration ◽  
Climate Analysis

AbstractHigh-density snow layers deteriorate grazing conditions for reindeer during winter. We compare two different methods for identifying past winters with difficult grazing conditions for reindeer in Kautokeino, northern Norway. A long-term climate analysis based on monthly values of precipitation and temperature (1900–2011) demonstrated that the reported winters were difficult to identify systematically. The processes leading to hard layers or ground-ice layers occur on daily, not monthly, timescales, and whether or not specific conditions are problematic depends on the development throughout the winter, not just on single values. To better analyse the weather conditions and development over time that favour the formation of high-density snow layers, we apply the multilayer model SNOWPACK over the period 1956–2010. We simulate the evolution of the snowpack by forcing the model with 6 hour interval meteorological data. The model output was analysed by summing up the vertical extent of the simulated high-density snow layers (>350 kg m–3) for each winter. These results were compared with historical records of difficult winter grazing conditions reported in the period 1956–2010. In particular, the heavy losses of reindeer during the catastrophic 1967/68 winter were caused by the occurrence of ground ice together with long snow-cover duration. This unfavourable coincidence is well reproduced by our model results, together with eight of the ten reported difficult winters.

Vulnerability of sweet cherry cultivars to continuous periods of spring frosts in Plovdiv, Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-352
Author(s):  
S. Malchev ◽  
S. Savchovska
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Form ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Abstract. The periods with continuous freezing air temperatures reported during the spring of 2020 (13 incidents) affected a wide range of local and introduced sweet cherry cultivars in the region of Plovdiv. They vary from -0.6°C on March 02 to -4.9°C on March 16-17. The duration of influence of the lowest temperatures is 6 and 12 hours between March 16 and 17. The inspection of fruit buds and flowers was conducted twice (on March 26 and April 08) at different phenological stages after continuous waves of cold weather conditions alternated with high temperatures. During the phenological phase ‘bud burst’ (tight cluster or BBCH 55) some of the flowers in the buds did not develop further making the damage hardly detectable. The most damaged are hybrid El.28-21 (95.00%), ‘Van’ (91.89%) and ‘Bing’ (89.41%) and from the next group ‘Lapins’ (85.98%) and ‘Rosita’ (83.33%). A larger intermediate group form ‘Kossara’ (81.67%), ‘Rozalina’ (76.00%), ‘Sunburst’ (75.00%), ‘Bigarreau Burlat’ (69.11%) and ‘Kuklenska belitza’ (66.67%). Candidate-cultivar El.17-90 ‘Asparuh’ has the lowest frost damage values of 55.00% and El.17-37 ‘Tzvetina’ with damage of 50.60%.

Respiratory rehabilitation with heat moisture exchanger after total laryngectomy: long-term evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Allegra ◽  
Ignazio La Mantia ◽  
Maria R. Bianco ◽  
Nicolò Marino ◽  
Alessio Fallica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Laryngectomy ◽  
Moisture Exchanger ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Respiratory Rehabilitation

Heating up trickling filters to tackle cold weather conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gebert ◽  
P.A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Biofilm Thickness ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Biofilm Support

The investigated effects of heating the filling material in trickling filters were carried out at the Ingolstadt wastewater treatment plant, Germany. Two pilot scale trickling filters were set up. Heat exchanger pipings were embedded in the filter media of one of these trickling filters, and the temperature in the trickling filter was raised. The other trickling filter was operated under normal temperature conditions, and was used as a control. The results clearly demonstrate that the performance of trickling filters cannot be constantly improved by heating the biofilm support media. A sustained increase of the metabolic rates did not occur. The decrease of the solubility of oxgen in water and mass transfer limitations caused by an increase of the biofilm thickness are the main reasons for that. Thus, the heating of trickling filters (e.g. by waste heat utilization) in order to increase the capacity of trickling filters under cold weather conditions cannot be recommended.

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