Impact of drought stress on photosynthetic response, leaf water potential, and stem sap flow in two cultivars of bi-leader apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Bhusal ◽  
Su-Gon Han ◽  
Tae-Myung Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Photosynthetic Response ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh

Partitioning of [14C]Glucose Into Sorbitol and Other Carbohydrates in Apple Under Water Stress

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Wang ◽  
B Quebedeaux ◽  
GW Stutte
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Mature Apple

Sorbitol plays an important role in osmotic adjustment in mature apple leaves under water stress. This study was conducted to determine whether water stress increases the conversion of glucose to sorbitol in mature apple leaves. A solution of [14C]glucose or [14C]sorbitol was introduced into the cut end of detached apple (Malus domestica Borkh. 'Red Jonathan') shoots which had previously experienced either water stress or no stress. The cut shoots were then placed in sterile deionised water to maintain well-watered conditions or in no water to continue water-stressed conditions. When shoots were labelled with [14C]glucose, 38% of [14C]glucose was recovered as glucose in the leaves at a leaf water potential (Ψw) of -1.0 MPa following a 30-min labelling. The remaining [14C]glucose was converted to sucrose (24%), fructose (21%), and sorbitol (17%). Water stress altered the partitioning of [14C]glucose between sorbitol and sucrose, increasing the ratio from 0.8 at Ψw = -1.0 to 1.7 at Ψw = -3.0 MPa. When shoots were supplied with [14C]sorbitol, <10% of [14C]sorbitol was converted to other soluble carbohydrates. Water stress inhibited the conversion of both [14C]glucose and [14C]sorbitol into starch. The results suggest that sorbitol accumulation may result from the preferential conversion of glucose to sorbitol rather than to sucrose and starch.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and drought stress on leaf water potential and growth in Caragana intermedia

Trees ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Wang Xiao ◽  
Osbert J. Sun ◽  
Guang-Sheng Zhou ◽  
Jing-Zhu Zhao ◽  
Gang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Caragana Intermedia

scholarly journals Water Relations of Acer rubrum in Response to Summer Digging

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 595C-595
Author(s):  
P.R. Knight ◽  
J.R. Harris ◽  
J.K. Fanelli ◽  
M.P. Kelting
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Xylem Embolism ◽  
Ball Diameter ◽  
Old Trees

Two experiments were conducted on Acer rubrum L. to determine the influence of root severance on sap flow, stomatal conductance, leaf water potential (ψ), and stem xylem embolism. Experiment 1 utilized 3-year-old trees, and experiment 2 utilized 2-year-old trees. Sixteenmm sap flow gauges were installed on both groups. Trees for experiment 1 were harvested on 31 May 1996 with a root ball diameter of 30.5 cm. Sap flow was reduced within one day after plants were harvested and was still lower 1 week after harvest. On 7 June 1996, harvested trees had lower stomatal conductance measurements, compared to not-harvested trees, but ψ were similar. A second experiment was initiated on 20 Aug. 1996, using the same protocol as in experiment 1. Sap flow was reduced within 2 h after harvest for harvested trees compared to not-harvested trees. Leaf stomatal conductances were reduced within 4 h of harvest. Leaf water potentials were not influenced on the day that the trees were harvested. Embolism levels were increased by harvest within 24 h. These results indicate that transplant stress begins shortly after harvest and not at the actual time of transplant.

scholarly journals Impact of Drought Stress on the Accumulation of Capsaicinoids in Capsicum Cultivars with Different Initial Capsaicinoid Levels

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1204-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paongpetch Phimchan ◽  
Suchila Techawongstien ◽  
Saksit Chanthai ◽  
Paul W. Bosland
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Drought Stress Condition

Capsaicinoids are the alkaloids in hot pepper that cause the sensation of heat when eaten and are affected by a genetic and environment interaction. Drought stress is well recognized as an environmental condition that influences capsaicinoid accumulation. This investigation identified the responses of capsaicinoid accumulation in hot pepper cultivars under drought stress condition. A total of nine cultivars with a different initial pungency level, i.e., low, medium, and high, was subjected to gradual drought stress during the flowering stage. Plants in this drought stress group were supplied with reduced water applications of 25%, 50%, and 75% by volume at 10, 20, and 30 days after flowering (DAF), respectively. Leaf water potential and relative water content were recorded to measure the level of drought stress. The results indicated that all cultivars were subjected to drought stress because of their decrease in leaf water potential and changes in physiological characteristics, e.g., growth and yield performance. In addition, leaf area and shoot-to-root ratio were good criteria for identifying hot pepper cultivars under drought stress because their responses were correlated with the stress level and yield components. Yield performances of the high pungency group did not decrease under drought stress, whereas those of the low pungency group did decrease. In conclusion, capsaicinoid levels increased for all cultivars studied when subjected to drought stress, except for the cultivars in the high pungency group. A yield response under drought stress for the medium pungency group varied and was not found to be associated with drought stress.

scholarly journals Leaf Physiological Responses to Drought Stress and Community Assembly in an Asian Savanna

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1119
Author(s):  
Thuy T. Nguyen ◽  
Stefan K. Arndt ◽  
Patrick J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Adaptive Strategies ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Turgor Loss Point ◽  
Drought Avoidance

Deciduous dipterocarp forest (DDF) is the most extensive forest type in continental Southeast Asia, but across much of its range is functionally more similar to tropical savannas than tropical forests. We investigated water relations and drought responses of the four dominant tree species (two Shorea and two Dipterocarpus species) of the DDF in central Vietnam to determine how they responded to prolonged periods of drought stress. We quantified leaf water relations in nursery- and field-grown seedlings of the four species and conducted a dry-down experiment on 258 seedlings to study leaf water potential and morphological responses of the seedlings following the drought stress. The two Shorea and two Dipterocarpus species differed significantly in leaf water potential at turgor loss point and osmotic potential at full turgor, but they showed similar responses to drought stress. All species shed leaves and suffered from stem loss when exposed to water potentials lower than their turgor loss point (approximately −1.7 MPa for Dipterocarpus and −2.6 MPa for Shorea species). Upon rewatering, all species resprouted vigorously regardless of the degree of leaf or stem loss, resulting in only 2% whole-plant mortality rate. Our results suggest that none of the four deciduous dipterocarp species is drought tolerant in terms of their water relations; instead, they employ drought-adaptive strategies such as leaf shedding and vigorous resprouting. Given that all species showed similar drought avoidance and drought-adaptive strategies, it is unlikely that seasonal drought directly influences the patterns of species assembly in the DDF of Southeast Asia.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Leaf Water Potential and Photosynthetic Rate of Blueberry Plants Grown Under Drought Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Horiuchi ◽  
Naoko Kameari ◽  
Jingai Che ◽  
Sakae Suzuki ◽  
Tadashi Hirasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Water
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