Transcriptome profiling in leaves representing aboveground parts of apple replant disease affected Malus domestica ‘M26’ plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Weiß ◽  
Traud Winkelmann
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Replant Disease

scholarly journals The Endophytic Strain Trichoderma asperellum 6S-2: An Efficient Biocontrol Agent against Apple Replant Disease in China and a Potential Plant-Growth-Promoting Fungus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Yanan Duan ◽  
Weitao Jiang ◽  
Xuesen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Volatile Substances ◽  
Replant Disease

A study was conducted for endophytic antagonistic fungi obtained from the roots of healthy apple trees growing in nine replanted orchards in Shandong Province, China. The fungi were assessed for their ability to inhibit Fusarium proliferatum f. sp. malus domestica MR5, a fungal strain associated with apple replant disease (ARD). An effective endophyte, designated as strain 6S-2, was isolated and identified as Trichoderma asperellum. Strain 6S-2 demonstrated protease, amylase, cellulase, and laccase activities, which are important for the parasitic and antagonistic functions of pathogenic fungi. The inhibition rate of 6S-2 against Fusarium proliferatum f. sp. malus domestica MR5 was 52.41%. Strain 6S-2 also secreted iron carriers, auxin, ammonia and was able to solubilize phosphorus. Its fermentation extract and volatile substances inhibited the growth of MR5, causing its hyphae to twist, shrink, swell, and rupture. The antifungal activity of the 6S-2 fermentation extract increased with increasing concentrations. It promoted the production and elongation of Arabidopsis thaliana lateral roots, and the strongest effects were seen at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. A GC-MS analysis of the 6S-2 fermentation extract and volatile substances showed that they comprised mainly alkanes, alcohols, and furanones, as well as the specific volatile substance 6-PP. The application of 6S-2 spore suspension to replanted apple orchard soils reduced plant oxidative damage and promoted plant growth in a pot experiment. Therefore, the endophytic strain T. asperellum 6S-2 has the potential to serve as an effective biocontrol fungus for the prevention of ARD in China, and appears to promote plant growth.

scholarly journals Impaired defense reactions in apple replant disease-affected roots of Malus domestica ‘M26’

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1672-1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Weiß ◽  
Benye Liu ◽  
Dennis Reckwell ◽  
Ludger Beerhues ◽  
Traud Winkelmann
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Replant Disease ◽  
Defense Reactions

Root exposure to apple replant disease soil triggers local defense response and rhizoplane microbiome dysbiosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Balbín-Suárez ◽  
Samuel Jacquiod ◽  
Annmarie-Deetja Rohr ◽  
Benye Liu ◽  
Henryk Flachowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Replant Disease

Abstract A soil column split-root experiment was designed to investigate the ability of apple replant disease (ARD) causing agents to spread in soil. ‘M26’ apple rootstocks grew into a top layer of Control soil, followed by a barrier-free split-soil layer (Control soil/ARD soil). We observed a severely reduced root growth, concomitant with enhanced gene expression of phytoalexin biosynthetic genes and phytoalexin content in roots from ARD soil, indicating a pronounced local plant defense response. Amplicon sequencing (bacteria, archaea, fungi) revealed local shifts in diversity and composition of microorganisms in the rhizoplane of roots from ARD soil. An enrichment of OTUs affiliated to potential ARD fungal pathogens (Ilyonectria and Nectria sp.) and bacteria frequently associated with ARD (Streptomyces, Variovorax) was noted. In conclusion, our integrated study supports the idea of ARD being local and not spreading into surrounding soil, as only the roots in ARD soil were affected in terms of growth, phytoalexin biosynthetic gene expression, phytoalexin production, and altered microbiome structure. This study further reinforces the microbiological nature of ARD, being likely triggered by a disturbed soil microbiome enriched with low mobility ARD-causing agents that induce a strong plant defense and rhizoplane microbiome dysbiosis, concurring with root damage.

Formation and exudation of biphenyl and dibenzofuran phytoalexins by roots of the apple rootstock M26 grown in apple replant disease soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 112972
Author(s):  
Belnaser A. Busnena ◽  
Till Beuerle ◽  
Felix Mahnkopp-Dirks ◽  
Traud Winkelmann ◽  
Ludger Beerhues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Replant Disease

Induction and diagnosis of apple replant disease (ARD): a matter of heterogeneous soil properties?

2018 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Mahnkopp ◽  
Margaux Simon ◽  
Eva Lehndorff ◽  
Stefan Pätzold ◽  
Andreas Wrede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Replant Disease ◽  
Heterogeneous Soil

scholarly journals Ozonated water electrolytically generated by diamond-coated electrodes controlled phytonematodes in replanted soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xorla Kanfra ◽  
Ahmed Elhady ◽  
Hendrik Thiem ◽  
Sven Pleger ◽  
Markus Höfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Soil Nematodes ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Replant Disease ◽  
Coated Electrodes ◽  
Ozonated Water

AbstractPhytonematodes cause severe yield losses in horticulture, partly because they are difficult to manage. Compact, energy-efficient generators that electrochemically produce ozonated water by utilizing diamond-coated electrodes have become available. In this study, the application of on-site generated ozonated water to inactivate soil nematodes and to mitigate nematode-mediated apple replant disease was tested. Pratylenchus penetrans was highly susceptible to dissolved ozone (LC50 0.6 mg L−1). In one greenhouse experiment, treatment of P. penetrans in soil with ozonated water (0.27 mg ozone L−1 soil) reduced subsequent invasion of the nematodes into roots by 60%. Growth of apple saplings in soil that was affected by apple replant disease (ARD) was significantly improved following a treatment with 1/10 volume ozonated water compared to the control. In a second greenhouse experiment, one-time drenching of ARD soil with ozonated water was followed by improved growth of apple plants similar to that in autoclaved soil. A second application of ozonated water did not further improve plant growth. The number of active nematodes in replanted soil that moved through a Baermann filter was significantly reduced by all tested concentrations of ozone (0.12–0.75 mg L−1 soil). A fraction of 19–36% of the nematodes survived and slightly recovered after four weeks. In conclusion, on-site generated ozonated water has potential to mitigate nematode problems in horticulture and to expand management options.

Evaluation of tolerance to apple replant disease (ARD) in Malus germplasm

2021 ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
S. Reim ◽  
A. Cestaro ◽  
C. Siewert ◽  
T. Wöhner ◽  
F. Mahnkopp-Dirks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Replant Disease
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