Organic weed management in perennial fruits

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 28-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Hammermeister
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Organic Weed Management

scholarly journals Status and Perspective of Bioherbicde Development for Organic Weed Management

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Yeong Pyon ◽  
Jeung Joo Lee ◽  
Kee Woong Park
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Organic Weed Management

scholarly journals Comparison between conventional and organic weed management: growth and yield of leek (Allium porrum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Karkanis ◽  
D. Bilalis ◽  
A. Efthimiadou ◽  
N. Katsenios
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Weak Competitor ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Organic Weed Management

Leek is a weak competitor against weeds. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of herbicides and mulching on weed flora, growth and yield of a leek crop. A randomized complete block design was employed with five replicates per treatment (control, mulching with barley straw, post-transplant application of the herbicide oxyfluorfen at 360 g a.i./ha and pre-transplant application of pendimethalin at 1,650 g a.i./ha). The order of weed sensitivity to mulches was black nightshade (72–85%), venice mallow (80%) > redroot pigweed (70–74%), barnyardgrass (67–77%) > jimsonweed (65%) > common purslane (42–45%). Oxyfluorfen had the highest control of jimsonweed, venice mallow and common purslane. There were no significant effects of the pendimethalin treatment on weed control ratings of jimsonweed, venice mallow and field bindweed. Injury symptoms (small white spots) appeared on leek leaves exposed to oxyfluorfen. The highest yield of leek was recorded with the oxyfluorfen application. Our results indicate that mulching and oxyfluorfen application provides satisfactory control of weeds. The use of mulching is an option for the weed management in organic leek crop.

scholarly journals Exploiting Olive Mill Byproducts and Other Waste for Organic Weed Management

Horticulturae ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tubeileh ◽  
Schnorf ◽  
Mondragon ◽  
Gray
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Vegetation Water ◽  
Organic Weed Management ◽  
Olive Mill

Weed management represents one of the most serious and costly challenges in organic crop production systems. Agricultural waste/byproducts might present phytotoxicity that can be exploited to control weeds. Two experiments were designed to study the effects of four concentrations of olive vegetation water (OVW) and a control water treatment (with no OVW) on cheeseweed (Malva parviflora L.) seed germination in petri dishes and pots. In a third experiment, two rates of four composts (crop residue mix (CR), olive pomace (OP), dairy/horse manure (DM), and an OP/DM mix) were mixed into a clay‒loam soil at 0.10 or 0.20 L L−1, to assess their effects on weed number and biomass, in addition to bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) growth. In the petri dish experiment, the three highest OVW concentrations completely prohibited germination during the five-week duration of the study. For the pot experiment, 25 mL application of OVW significantly delayed and reduced cheeseweed germination, with the reduction being proportional to the concentration of OVW. In the third experiment, composts reduced weed dry matter (composed mostly of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.)), with the CR compost being the most effective, reducing total weed biomass by 67% compared to the control. CR10 and DM10 tended to increase bell pepper yields, although none of the plant parameters was significantly affected by the compost treatments.

Mental models of organic weed management: Comparison of New England US farmer and expert models

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa Jabbour ◽  
Sarah Zwickle ◽  
Eric R. Gallandt ◽  
Katherine E. McPhee ◽  
Robyn S. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Cost Of Time ◽  
Organic Weed Management ◽  
Ecological Weed Management

AbstractWeeds are a major challenge for organic farmers, yet we know little about the factors influencing organic farmers’ weed management decisions. We hypothesized that farmers and scientist ‘experts’ differ in fundamental areas of knowledge and perceptions regarding weeds and weed management. Moreover, these differences prevent effective communication, outreach programming and research prioritization. An expert mental model, constructed primarily from interviews with research scientists and extension professionals, revealed expert emphasis on knowledge of ecological weed management as crucial for successfully implementing such strategies. We interviewed 23 organic farmers in northern New England, yielding an aggregate farmer mental model to compare with the expert model. Farmers demonstrated knowledge of the major concepts discussed by experts, but differed in emphasis. Farmers placed less emphasis on ecological complexity than experts. One-third of farmers interviewed discussed the potential role of weeds as indicators of soil nutrient status, a concept of which experts were skeptical. Farmer beliefs about the weed seedbank highlighted potential misconceptions regarding seed persistence, with one-fourth of farmers focusing on the concept that seeds can live for an exceptionally long time in the soil, while experts focused on the concept of the seed half-life. Farmers emphasized the role of experience, both their own and that of other farmers, rather than knowledge derived from scientific research. Farmers considered yield and the cost of time and labor as equally at risk because of weeds, whereas experts predominantly discussed yield loss. During discussions of management, both farmers and experts most emphasized risks associated with cultivation and benefits associated with cover cropping. These results have prompted us, first, to develop new educational materials focused on weed seed longevity and management of the weed seedbank, and, second, to conduct regional focus groups with farmers who prioritize fertility management in their efforts to control weeds, especially manipulations of soil calcium and magnesium.

A Survey of Weed Management in Organic Small Grains and Forage Systems in the Northwest United States

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole E Tautges ◽  
Jessica R Goldberger ◽  
Ian C Burke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Program Diversity ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Organic Weed Management

A lack of information regarding weed control, relative to conventional systems, has left organic growers largely on their own when devising weed management systems for organic crops. As interest in organic weed management increases, researchers need more information regarding the type and number of weed control practices undertaken on organic farms. A survey of certified organic growers was conducted in five states in the northwest United States to identify organic weed management programs and what grower and farm-operation characteristics were factors in weed management program design. Three types of weed management programs, with varying diversity in weed control practices, were identified. Stepwise binary logistic regression indicated that the likelihood of an organic grower using a more-diverse weed management program increased if the grower engaged in grain production and as the number of crops produced on an organic farm operation in 1 yr increased. The probability of operating a more-diverse weed management program also increased as a grower's education level increased. Organic hectarage operated was positively correlated with weed management program diversity, and with the adoption of cultural controls. Additionally, awareness of weeds as a factor causing yield loss was correlated with increased weed management program diversity. An increased awareness among researchers of the differing needs and abilities of organic growers in managing weeds on their farms will improve communication and outreach efforts when assisting growers with designing organic weed management programs.

An Evaluation of Two Novel Cultivation Tools

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn J. Evans ◽  
Robin R. Bellinder ◽  
Russell R. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Organic Weed Management

Cultivation is a critical component of organic weed management and has relevance in conventional farming. Limitations with current cultivation tools include high costs, limited efficacy, and marginal applicability across a range of crops, soil types, soil moisture conditions, and weed growth stages. The objectives of this research were to compare the weed control potential of two novel tools, a block cultivator and a stirrup cultivator, with that of a conventional S-tine cultivator, and to evaluate crop response when each tool was used in pepper and broccoli. Block and stirrup cultivators were mounted on a toolbar with an S-tine sweep. In 2008, the tripart cultivator was tested in 20 independently replicated noncrop field events. Weed survival and reemergence data were collected from the cultivated area of each of the three tools. Environmental data were also collected. A multivariable model was created to assess the importance of cultivator design and environmental and operational variables on postcultivation weed survival. Additional trials in 2009 evaluated the yield response of pepper and broccoli to interrow cultivations with each tool. Cultivator design significantly influenced postcultivation weed survival (P < 0.0001). When weed survival was viewed collectively across all 20 cultivations, both novel cultivators significantly increased control. Relative to the S-tine sweep, the stirrup cultivator reduced weed survival by about one-third and the block cultivator reduced weed survival by greater than two-thirds. Of the 11 individually assessed environmental and operational parameters, 7 had significant implications for weed control with the sweep; 5 impacted control with the stirrup cultivator, and only 1 (surface weed cover at the time of cultivation) influenced control with the block cultivator. Crop response to each cultivator was identical. The block cultivator, because of its increased effectiveness and operational flexibility, has the potential to improve interrow mechanical weed management.

Evaluation of Organic Weed Management Practices on Growth, Yield and Weed Control Efficiency in Soybean-chickpea Sequence under Irrigated Condition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Chavan ◽  
W.N. Narkhede ◽  
H.S. Garud
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Soil Solarization ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Free Treatment ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Organic Weed Management

Background: Weeds are widely reported as a key constraint in organic agriculture. Soybean-chickpea is important cropping sequence adopted in Maharashtra State under irrigated condition. Weed management is a serious problem in both the crop and it mostly controlled through chemical weed control. Today, widespread use of herbicides has resulted in purporated environmental and health problem as well as residual problems to succeeding crops. Now a days residue free food requirement is high. In organic farming cultural and mechanical methods are necessary to break the weed cycle. So, keeping this point in view present investigation was carried out to evaluate organic weed management practices on growth, yield and weed control in soybean-chickpea sequence under irrigated condition. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during Kharif and rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19. The present investigation consisted of ten weed management practices viz. two hand weeding at 20-25 and 45-50 DAS, one hoeing 20-25 DAS + one hand weeding at 45-50 DAS, soybean + sunhemp incorporation after 35-40 DAS in kharif season and chickpea + safflower (2:1) in rabi season, stale seed bed + reduced spacing + 2 tonne of wheat straw + one hand weeding at 25 DAS, soil mulch at the time of sowing + one hand pulling at 25 DAS, incorporation of neem cake 1.5 tonne/ ha 15 days before sowing + one hand weeding at 25 DAS, soil solarization with 25 μ polythene mulch during summer + one hand weeding at 25 DAS, mulching with straw, weed free and weedy check. Result: The higher values of growth attributes was recorded by weed free treatment which was on par with two hand weeding at 20-25 and 45-50 DAS and soil solarization with 25 μ polythene mulch during summer + one hand weeding at 25 DAS and significantly superior over rest of the treatments during both the year study. Application of stale seed bed with reduced spacing and 2 tonne of wheat straw along with one hand weeding 25 DAS recorded higher soybean equivalent yield followed by soybean + sunhemp incorporation (35-45DAS) in kharif and chickpea + safflower (2:1) in rabi season during both the year. The lower weed density, dry weight and highest weed control efficiency at 40 days after sowing for both monocot and dicot weeds was recorded by weed free treatment followed by soil solarization with 25 μ polythene mulch during summer + one hand weeding at 25 DAS in soybean and chickpea during both the year.

Feasibility of Organic Weed Management in Sweet Corn and Snap Bean for Processing

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi J. Johnson ◽  
Jed B. Colquhoun ◽  
Alvin J. Bussan ◽  
Richard A. Rittmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Organic Weed Management ◽  
Market Saturation ◽  
Organic Premium

There is significant interest from processors in producing organic sweet corn and snap bean. However, large-scale production is necessary for this to be a practical and economical venture for processors. This study focused on the feasibility of managing weeds in organic sweet corn and snap bean, utilizing methods that are practical in large hectarage. Tactics such as rotary hoe, interrow cultivation, and a stale seedbed were evaluated alone or in combination. Hand-weeded and herbicide-based treatments were included for each crop for comparison. Percentage weed control, weed biomass, and crop yield were quantified, and net profit was calculated for each treatment. Organic weed management was feasible in snap bean, with yields similar among several of the organic treatments and the herbicide treatment in all 3 yr of the study. Interrow cultivation was the most effective means of organic weed control in snap bean. Organic weed management was possible in snap bean because it is a short-season crop and an effective competitor with weeds in the crop row. Organic weed management was more difficult in sweet corn because of the longer crop season and poor competition with weeds in the crop row. In sweet corn, the organic treatment involving three interrow cultivations was the only one consistently similar in yield to the herbicide treatments. Higher net profits were attained for most of the organic treatments in both crops because of the organic premium. Market saturation and organic premium adjustments are factors for grower consideration in this potential industry, particularly for sweet corn production.

Effects of Different Organic Weed Management Strategies on the Physicochemical, Sensory, and Antioxidant Properties of Machine-Harvested Blackberry Fruits

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. S2107-S2116 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Cavender ◽  
Mingyang Liu ◽  
Deborah Hobbs ◽  
Balz Frei ◽  
Bernadine Strik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Organic Weed Management

scholarly journals Weed Management Practice Selection Among Midwest U.S. Organic Growers

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. DeDecker ◽  
John B. Masiunas ◽  
Adam S. Davis ◽  
Courtney G. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Organic Weed Management ◽  
Selection Of

Organic agricultural systems increase the complexity of weed management, leading organic farmers to cite weeds as one of the greatest barriers to organic production. Integrated Weed Management (IWM) systems have been developed to address the ecological implications of weeds and weed management in cropping systems, but adoption is minimal. Organic agriculture offers a favorable context for application of IWM, as both approaches are motivated by concern for environmental quality and agricultural sustainability. However, adoption of IWM on organic farms is poorly understood due to limited data on weed management practices used, absence of an IWM adoption metric, and insufficient consideration given to the unique farming contexts within which weed management decisions are made. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) characterize organic weed management systems; (2) identify motivations for, and barriers to, selection of weed management practices; and (3) generate guiding principles for effective targeting of weed management outreach. We surveyed Midwestern organic growers to determine how specified psychosocial, demographic, and farm structure factors influence selection of weed management practices. Cluster analysis of the data detected three disparate, yet scaled, approaches to organic weed management. Clusters were distinguished by perspective regarding weeds and the number of weed management practices used. Categorization of individual farms within the identified approaches was influenced by primary farm products as well as farmer education, years farming, and information-seeking behavior. The proposed conceptual model allows weed management educators to target outreach for enhanced compatibility of farming contexts and weed management technologies.

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