In vitro seed germination and seedling growth of an endangered epiphytic orchid, Dendrobium officinale, endemic to China using mycorrhizal fungi (Tulasnella sp.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ming Tan ◽  
Chun Lan Wang ◽  
Xiao Mei Chen ◽  
Ya Qin Zhou ◽  
Yun Qiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dendrobium Officinale ◽  
Epiphytic Orchid

scholarly journals In Situ Seedling Baiting to Isolate Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi From Dendrobium Officinale, An Over-Collected Medicinal Orchid In China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Yun Chen ◽  
Xin-Ju Wang ◽  
Tai-Qiang Li ◽  
Neng-Qi Li ◽  
Jiang-Yun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Dendrobium Officinale ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Medicinal Orchid

Abstract Background: Orchids are highly dependent on mycorrhizae for survival and growth. Traditionally, to obtain orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMFs) for plant growth, fungi have been isolated from the roots of mature wild plants; however, the species of OMF may change as the plants undergo different developmental stages. In this study, we developed the idea of using in situ seedling baiting to capture seedling growth-promoting fungi from Dendrobium officinale, an overcollected medicinal orchid in China.Results: In vitro-produced seedlings of D. officinale were transplanted into their original habitats, and newly established roots of well-growing seedlings were sampled for fungal isolation. Roots were sampled at 6 different times over one year, and five Tulasnella species and one Fusarium species were obtained and identified morphologically and molecularly. The ability to promote seedling growth was tested in three Tulasnella species TPYD-1, TPYD-2 and TPYD-3, with high isolation frequencies by inoculation onto in vitro-produced D. officinale seedlings. Although the three fungi were closely related species and clustered together in the phylogenetic tree, they showed different efficiencies in promoting D. officinale seedling growth. Tulasnella TPYD-2 showed a strong ability to promote seedling growth and could be selected for use in restoration plantings of D. officinale.Conclusions: Our results suggest that using an in situ seedling baiting technique could be an efficient way to obtain seedling growth-promoting fungi, and this approach could have broad applications in orchid mycorrhiza studies and orchid conservation.

scholarly journals Low-specific Symbiotic Germination of Dendrobium Huoshanense in Vitro, an Endangered Epiphytic Orchid Endemic From South China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Jing Tang ◽  
Jun Dai ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Dong-Yu Zhou ◽  
Yong-Mei Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Epiphytic Orchid ◽  
Symbiotic Germination ◽  
Orchid Seed ◽  
Dendrobium Huoshanense ◽  
Initial Seed

Abstract Background: Dendrobium huoshanense is an endangered epiphytic orchid and is endemic to Anhui province of China with a narrow distribution. In nature, orchid seed germination depends on specific mycorrhizal fungi and it is generally assumed that there is a high specific symbiotic germination in narrow distribution orchid. To evaluate the mycorrhizal compatibility and germination-promoting activity of mycorrhizal fungi of D. huoshanense in vitro, we isolated and identified cultured mycorrhizal fungi from the roots of D. huoshanense and D. officinale. A total of 20 mycorrhizal fungal strains (D. huoshanense (n = 6), D. officinale (n = 12), D. nobile (n = 1), D. moniliforme (n = 1)) were used to test the germination-promoting activity of D. huoshanense. Results: In symbiotic germination tests, the mycorrhizal fungi displayed different efficiency in stimulating D. huoshanense seed germination, nine strains stimulated seed development to an advanced seedling stage, while the rest promoted only initial seed germination to stage 2 or stage 3, and the most effective in promoting rapid seed germination was strain 12825(seb) isolated from D. moniliforme, besides, the second most effective fungus was strain WX-7(seb) isolated from D. officinale, both of them belong to Sebacina isolated from non-D. huoshanense. In this study, all twenty fungal strains formed pelotons inside seeds of D. huoshanense based on the trypan blue staining results. Conclusions: Despite its narrow specific habitat preference, D. huoshanense was found to be a mycorrhizal generalist during symbiotic seed germination in vitro. The study is the first to demonstrate the different abilities of orchid mycorrhizal fungi to promote seed germination, protocorm formation and seedling development of D. huoshanense in vitro, providing important microbiological resources for its conservation and reintroduction in nature.

Allelopathic potential of Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata on Lake Huron sand dunes

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1903-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeong W. Yun ◽  
M. A. Maun
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Artemisia Campestris

Greenhouse studies were conducted to test allelopathic effects of Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata on seed germination and seedling growth of several sand-dune species and colonization by mycorrhizal fungi. The aqueous extracts of A. campestris showed no inhibitory effect on seed germination, seedling elongation, or dry-weight growth of plants at lower concentrations (10 and 50%), but 100% concentration of the extracts caused varying degrees of inhibition depending on the test species. The mixing of dry leaves of seedlings of A. campestris to the sand showed severe inhibition of Elymus canadensis seedlings. The percent germination of test species in soil from the rhizosphere of A. campestris was significantly lower than that of the control. The leaf area and dry weight were also lower but the differences were not significant. The aqueous extract inhibited mycorrhizal fungal colonization in roots of three sand-dune grasses. Key words: allelopathy, Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata, seed germination, seedling growth, mycorrhizal fungi.

scholarly journals Symbiotic and Asymbiotic Germination of Dendrobium officinale (Orchidaceae) Respond Differently to Exogenous Gibberellins

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Chen ◽  
Bo Yan ◽  
Yanjing Tang ◽  
Yongmei Xing ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dendrobium Officinale ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Symbiotic Germination ◽  
Asymbiotic Germination

Seeds of almost all orchids depend on mycorrhizal fungi to induce their germination in the wild. The regulation of this symbiotic germination of orchid seeds involves complex crosstalk interactions between mycorrhizal establishment and the germination process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gibberellins (GAs) on the symbiotic germination of Dendrobium officinale seeds and its functioning in the mutualistic interaction between orchid species and their mycobionts. To do this, we used liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer to quantify endogenous hormones across different development stages between symbiotic and asymbiotic germination of D. officinale, as well as real-time quantitative PCR to investigate gene expression levels during seed germination under the different treatment concentrations of exogenous gibberellic acids (GA3). Our results showed that the level of endogenous GA3 was not significantly different between the asymbiotic and symbiotic germination groups, but the ratio of GA3 and abscisic acids (ABA) was significantly higher during symbiotic germination than asymbiotic germination. Exogenous GA3 treatment showed that a high concentration of GA3 could inhibit fungal colonization in the embryo cell and decrease the seed germination rate, but did not significantly affect asymbiotic germination or the growth of the free-living fungal mycelium. The expression of genes involved in the common symbiotic pathway (e.g., calcium-binding protein and calcium-dependent protein kinase) responded to the changed concentrations of exogenous GA3. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GA3 is probably a key signal molecule for crosstalk between the seed germination pathway and mycorrhiza symbiosis during the orchid seed symbiotic germination.

scholarly journals Zinc Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Impact on In Vitro Germination and Seedling Growth in Allium cepa L.

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Tymoszuk ◽  
Jacek Wojnarowicz
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are ones of the most commonly manufactured nanomaterials worldwide. They can be used as a zinc fertilizer in agriculture to enhance yielding and to control the occurrence of diseases thanks to its broad antifungal and antibacterial action. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of ZnO submicron particles (ZnO SMPs) and ZnO NPs on the process of in vitro seed germination and seedling growth in onion (Allium cepa L. ‘Sochaczewska’), and to indicate the potential use of these compounds in onion production. In the experiment, disinfected seeds were inoculated on the modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and poured with ZnO SMP or ZnO NP water suspension, at the concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 mg∙L−1. During three successive weeks, the germinating seeds were counted. Germination started most often on the second or third day of in vitro culture. The highest share of germination was recorded for seeds treated with 800 mg∙L−1 ZnO SMPs and ZnO NPs (52% and 56%, respectively). After the application of ZnO SMPs and ZnO NPs at the highest tested concentration (3200 mg∙L−1), the share of germinating seeds was only 19% and 11%, respectively. Interestingly, seedlings obtained from control seeds and seeds treated with ZnO SMPs and ZnO NPs did not differ statistically in terms of length, fresh weight, and dry weight of leaves, and roots. Both ZnO SMPs and ZnO NPs, in the concentration range from 50 to 1600 mg∙L−1, can be used to stimulate the germination process of onion seeds, without negative effects on the further growth and development of seedlings. There were no differences found between the action of ZnO NPs and ZnO SMPs, which suggested that the most important factor influencing seed germination was in fact the concentration of zinc ions, not the particle size.

Inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts of Centaurea solstitialis subsp. schouwii on seed germination and growth of Sulla coronaria

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-281
Author(s):  
Chadlia Hachani ◽  
Mohammed S. Lamhamedi ◽  
Mejda Abassi ◽  
Zoubeir Béjaoui
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Centaurea Solstitialis ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
Sulla Coronaria

Biodiversity has been confronted with anthropogenic threats and several natural threats such as biological invasions. The success of these invasions involves phytotoxic products released by invasive plants that can exhibit allelopathic effects on target species. Thus, aqueous extracts from different parts of the Mediterranean yellow star-thistle [Centaurea solstitialis subsp. schouwii (DC.) Gugler], were tested for their allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Sulla coronaria (L.). Bioassays were conducted in vitro to test the effects of the aqueous extracts of shoot, basal and root parts of C. solstitialis subsp. schouwii at two different concentrations (50 g·L−1 and 10 g·L−1). The concentrations of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins of the extracts were also evaluated. Our results showed inhibitory effects on the germination and seedling growth of S. coronaria seedlings, particularly with the extract form the basal part, reaching 84%. This study confirms the linear relationships between the allelopathic effects of C. solstitialis subsp. schouwii and the polyphenol and flavonoid contents. However, further experiments are needed under field conditions to confirm the results obtained under laboratory conditions.

The effect of gamma radiation on seed germination and seedling growth of Lathyrus chrysanthus Boiss. under in vitro conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 162-163 ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Beyaz ◽  
Cansu Telci Kahramanogullari ◽  
Cigdem Yildiz ◽  
E. Selcen Darcin ◽  
Mustafa Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Seedling Growth

scholarly journals A novel seed baiting technique for the epiphytic orchid Rhynchostele cervantesii, a means to acquire mycorrhizal fungi from protocorms

Lankesteriana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Bernardo Cruz-Higareda ◽  
Bárbara Susana Luna-Rosales ◽  
Amadeo Barba-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Epiphytic Orchid ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Mature Seeds

We developed a new and novel seed baiting technique sowing mature seeds of the epiphyitic orchid Rhynchostele cervantesii under natural conditions, We introduced a sponge in each package that may serve as a reservoir for water retention to benefit germination; In three of 22 packets we found protocorms in an early stage of development, six of wich were of sufficient size to warrant fungal isolations; Nine strains were isolated in pure culture and were inoculated on seeds and protocorms under in vitro conditions. 

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