Influence of iodine form and application method on the effectiveness of iodine biofortification, nitrogen metabolism as well as the content of mineral nutrients and heavy metals in spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwester Smoleń ◽  
Włodzimierz Sady
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L

Effect of Wastewater Irrigation on Heavy Metal Accumulation, Growth and Yield of Vegetables

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Saima Kausar ◽  
Shahla Faizan ◽  
Irfana Haneef
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Use of wastewater for irrigation is on the rise in India and other developing countries. Wastewater contains plant nutrients that favour crop growth but leave a burden of heavy metals which can enter the food chain and is a cause of great concern. This study was conducted to explore the possibility of using wastewater to grow four vegetables fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and carrot (Daucus carotaL.). Two aspects namely (1) effect on plant growth and yield (2) accumulation of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in leaves and roots of the plant have been presented in this paper. The physico-chemical analysis of the wastewater showed that it was rich in total suspended and dissolved solids with large amount of BOD and COD. The higher amount of Cl-, Ca++, Mg++ and K+ were also present in the effluent. The heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) content in wastewater is comparatively more than groundwater (GW). The values of these heavy metals were slightly higher in the soil irrigated with wastewater. The effluent severely affects crop plants and soil properties when used for irrigation. The growth characteristics (plant length, plant fresh and dry weight, leaf number and leaf area) as well as yield characteristics (seed number, 1000 seed weight and seed yield) of all the plants, irrigated with 100% wastewater, were more than that with groundwater. The pattern of increase for the plants was fenugreek greater than radish greater than spinach greater than carrot. Though the wastewater contains low levels of the heavy metals, the soil and plant samples show higher values due to accumulation, but their level was under permissible limits in plants. The trend of metal accumulation in wastewater-irrigated soil is in the order: Pb greater than Ni greater than Zn greater than Cu greater than Cr greater than Cd. Of the four plants that are grown, the order of total heavy metal accumulation in roots is Carrot greater than Radish, while in leaves the order is Spinach greater than Fenugreek. The enrichment factor (EF) of the heavy metals in contaminated soil is in the sequence of Ni (3.1) greater than Pb (2.6) greater than Cd (2.35) greater than Zn (2.18) greater than Cu (1.66) greater than Cr (1.05), while in plants EF varies depending upon the species and plant part. Radish and carrot show a high transfer factor (TF greater than 1) for Cd signifying a high mobility of Cd from soil to plant whereas the TF values for Pb are very low as it is not bioavailable. Thus, it may be concluded that wastewater may be used profitably for the cultivation of these vegetables and could effectively supplement not only the nutrient requirement of the crop but may also act as the source of water..

scholarly journals Savrun Ispanak (Spinacia oleracea L.) Çeşidinin Bazı Abiyotik Stres Faktörlerine Tepkisi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Nezahat Turfan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
Spinacea Oleracea ◽  
Mda Content

In this study were investigated that resistance to salinity, heavy metals, drought and calcerous stress in Savrun (Spinacea oleracea L.) spinach. For this aim, 5-6 leafed seedlings were exposed to NaCl (75, 150 and 225 mM); heavy metals (Fe, Ni and Zn 0.2 mg/L), drought (50%) and 0.2% CaCO3 applications for four weeks half-weekly which plants grown under controlled conditions. Depends on result chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total cclorophyll, carotenoids, β-caroten and lycopen increased in drought and CaCO3 treatments. Total soluble protein and GuPX activity were found higher in all stress treatments, proline content increased in NiCl2, 75 ve 150 mM NaCl treatments. While APX activity was higher in 75 mM NaCl and ZnCl2; CAT was higher in 150 mM NaCl and others stres treatments except drought. SOD activity were noted higher in drought, CaCO3 and 225 mM NaCl stresses groups. MDA content was lower in all treatments except FeCl3 and, H2O2 were lower in 225 mM NaCl and drought while it was higher in others. As a result, it was found that tolerance of Savrun spinach is higher to CaCO3 and drought but sensitivity of it is higher to 225 mM NaCl, ZnCl2 and FeCl3. Also it was determined that Savrun genotype is moderate tolerance to NiCl2 and 75 Mm NaCl. However parameters of tolerance to stress that treated on spinach seedling showed variability in Savrun spinach.

scholarly journals Interactive effects between supplemental ultraviolet-B radiation and heavy metals on the growth and biochemical characteristics of Spinacia oleracea L.

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mishra Shweta ◽  
S.B. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
The Impact

The impact of supplemental UV-B (sUV-B) radiation and heavy metals: Cd (68 µmol.kg-1 soil) and Ni (68 µmol.kg-1 soil) singly and in combination was studied on photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic pigments, metabolites, enzyme activities, biomass accumulation and the net primary productivity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. var. All Green), a common leafy vegetable plant. Both the stresses individually and in combination resulted in the reduction of photosynthetic pigments, ascorbic acid, and catalase activity, whereas a reverse trend was observed for anthocyanin, flavonoids and proline content, lipid peroxidation and peroxidase activity. The interactive effects of both the stresses were, however, less than additive. Combined treatment of sUV-B + Cd was more deleterious as compared to sUV-B + Ni and other individual treatments.

Versuche zur präparativen Isolierung pflanzlicher Zellorganellen mittels der trägerfreien, kontinuierlichen Ablenkungselektrophorese

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1072-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hannig ◽  
W. Klofat ◽  
H. Endres
Keyword(s):  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Wird Eine ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
Helianthus Annus

Es wird eine präparative Methode zur Isolierung pflanzlicher Zellbestandteile mittels der trägerfreien, kontinuierlichen Ablenkungselektrophorese nach HANNIG 1, 2 kurz skizziert. Als Versuchsmaterial dienen Blätter von Spinat (Spinacia oleracea L.), Sonnenblumen (Helianthus annus L.) und Löwenzahn (Taraxacum officinale Web.).Die Verteilungskurven werden durch Extinktionsmessung der einzelnen Fraktionen in den Auffanggläschen erhalten. Die Definition der Teilchen erfolgt vorläufig morphologisch durch Anfärben und lichtmikroskopische Prüfung als auch durch elektronenmikroskopische Kontrolle nach vorheriger Präparation nach dem „negativ staining“ Verfahren 3,4 oder Kontrastierung mit Phosphorwolframsäure.Bei der Trennung werden Zellkerne und Zellkernfragmente, ganze Chloroplasten, „Mitochondrien“ und plasmatische Strukturen erhalten.

scholarly journals A review on the genetic resources, domestication and breeding history of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

Euphytica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnau Ribera ◽  
Yuling Bai ◽  
Anne-Marie A. Wolters ◽  
Rob van Treuren ◽  
Chris Kik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
History Of ◽  
Breeding History
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